{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2898650932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8513508","title":"Mobile Gait Analysis using Personalised Hidden Markov Models for Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Patients","display_name":"Mobile Gait Analysis using Personalised Hidden Markov Models for Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Patients","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2898650932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8513508","mag":"2898650932","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30441565"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8513508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8513508","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073414196","display_name":"Christine F. Martindale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9397-5944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine F. Martindale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, DE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, DE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076484521","display_name":"Nils Roth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9166-3920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nils Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, DE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, DE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113852961","display_name":"Heiko Gasner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088053","display_name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen","ror":"https://ror.org/0030f2a11","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088053"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heiko Gasner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082962100","display_name":"Dennis Jensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7156-5103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088053","display_name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen","ror":"https://ror.org/0030f2a11","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088053"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Jensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062971675","display_name":"Zacharias Kohl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-8866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088053","display_name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen","ror":"https://ror.org/0030f2a11","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088053"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zacharias Kohl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088053"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014144494","display_name":"Bjoern M. Eskofier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0417-0336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bjoern M. Eskofier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, DE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, DE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4784,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66791432,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":null,"first_page":"5430","last_page":"5433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12400","display_name":"Neurogenetic and Muscular Disorders Research","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10879","display_name":"Robotic Locomotion and Control","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hereditary-spastic-paraplegia","display_name":"Hereditary spastic paraplegia","score":0.7763801217079163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.579578161239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.5749670267105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-analysis","display_name":"Gait analysis","score":0.5429598093032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.5426280498504639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5245602130889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paraplegia","display_name":"Paraplegia","score":0.48935025930404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.4190848469734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.39538607001304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3664292097091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2753753066062927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.25067785382270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.0999174416065216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.09059438109397888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.06618675589561462}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780395223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657516","display_name":"Hereditary spastic paraplegia","level":4,"score":0.7763801217079163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.579578161239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.5749670267105103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173906292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493441","display_name":"Gait analysis","level":3,"score":0.5429598093032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.5426280498504639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5245602130889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777597760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049655","display_name":"Paraplegia","level":3,"score":0.48935025930404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.4190848469734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.39538607001304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3664292097091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2753753066062927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.25067785382270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0999174416065216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09059438109397888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.06618675589561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9606","display_name":"Spinal cord","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077107","descriptor_name":"Gait Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077107","descriptor_name":"Gait Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077107","descriptor_name":"Gait Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015419","descriptor_name":"Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015419","descriptor_name":"Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015419","descriptor_name":"Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8513508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8513508","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:30441565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30441565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W246319838","https://openalex.org/W1787491514","https://openalex.org/W1979688702","https://openalex.org/W1981467401","https://openalex.org/W1990153585","https://openalex.org/W1990917848","https://openalex.org/W2013337604","https://openalex.org/W2034426721","https://openalex.org/W2049096603","https://openalex.org/W2081833615","https://openalex.org/W2086702994","https://openalex.org/W2287880978","https://openalex.org/W2396658633","https://openalex.org/W2530927644","https://openalex.org/W2593041353","https://openalex.org/W2620854895","https://openalex.org/W2724719322","https://openalex.org/W2741550508","https://openalex.org/W2756463065","https://openalex.org/W2759839148","https://openalex.org/W2783082511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327643467","https://openalex.org/W3112337162","https://openalex.org/W2993467232","https://openalex.org/W1543500833","https://openalex.org/W1985852052","https://openalex.org/W2469217849","https://openalex.org/W2084603854","https://openalex.org/W3114577764","https://openalex.org/W2052702656","https://openalex.org/W2469615939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gait":[0],"analysis":[1,19,32],"provides":[2],"a":[3,65,82,88,104,121,164],"quantitative":[4],"method":[5,145],"to":[6,44,64,95,120,137],"assess":[7],"disease":[8],"progression":[9],"or":[10],"intervention":[11],"effect":[12],"on":[13,87],"gait":[14,18,31,72,98],"disorders.":[15],"While":[16,150],"mobile":[17,84],"enables":[20],"continuous":[21],"monitoring":[22],"in":[23],"free":[24],"living":[25],"conditions,":[26],"state":[27],"of":[28,68,108,133,141,158,179],"the":[29,130,139,142,156,159,172,180],"art":[30],"for":[33,114,146,155,177],"diseases":[34],"such":[35,147],"as":[36,74,76],"hereditary":[37],"spastic":[38],"paraplegia":[39],"(HSP)":[40],"is":[41,57],"currently":[42],"limited":[43],"motion":[45],"capture":[46],"systems":[47],"which":[48],"are":[49],"large":[50],"and":[51,61,71],"expensive.":[52],"The":[53],"challenge":[54],"with":[55,118],"HSP":[56],"its":[58],"heterogeneous":[59,148],"nature":[60],"rarity,":[62],"leading":[63],"wide":[66],"range":[67],"ages,":[69],"severity":[70],"patterns":[73],"well":[75],"small":[77],"patient":[78],"numbers.":[79],"We":[80,128,169],"propose":[81],"sensor-based":[83],"solution,":[85],"based":[86],"personalised":[89,101,152],"hierarchical":[90],"hidden":[91],"Markov":[92],"Model":[93],"(hHMM)":[94],"extract":[96],"spatio-temporal":[97],"parameters.":[99],"This":[100],"hHMM":[102],"achieves":[103],"mean":[105],"absolute":[106],"error":[107],"0.04":[109],"s":[110,113],"\u00b1":[111],"0.03":[112],"stride":[115],"time":[116],"estimation":[117],"respect":[119],"GAITRite":[122],"<sup":[123],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[124],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u00ae</sup>":[125],"reference":[126],"system.":[127],"use":[129],"successful":[131],"extraction":[132],"initial":[134],"ground":[135],"contact":[136],"explore":[138],"limits":[140],"double":[143],"integration":[144],"diseases.":[149],"our":[151],"model":[153,166,174],"compensates":[154],"heterogeneity":[157],"disease,":[160],"it":[161],"would":[162],"require":[163],"new":[165],"per":[167],"patient.":[168],"observed":[170],"that":[171],"general":[173],"was":[175],"sufficient":[176],"some":[178],"less":[181],"severely":[182],"affected":[183],"patients.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}