{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2899208051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8513450","title":"Discrete Heat Kernel Smoothing in Irregular Image Domains","display_name":"Discrete Heat Kernel Smoothing in Irregular Image Domains","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2899208051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8513450","mag":"2899208051","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30441488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8513450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8513450","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029674397","display_name":"Moo K. Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2852-9670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304256225","display_name":"University of Wisconsin System","ror":"https://ror.org/03ydkyb10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Moo K. Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin System, Madison, WI, US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin System, Madison, WI, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413394","display_name":"Yanli Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145278","display_name":"Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics","ror":"https://ror.org/03sxpbt26","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanli Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing, CN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145278"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021809690","display_name":"Guorong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0550-6145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87097829","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Asheville","ror":"https://ror.org/017c6at71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87097829"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guorong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Asheville, Asheville, NC, US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Asheville, Asheville, NC, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87097829"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029674397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304256225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1248,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91071078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":null,"first_page":"5101","last_page":"5104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.8584403395652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-kernel","display_name":"Heat kernel","score":0.6554361581802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6043209433555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5504686236381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5091802477836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-preserving-smoothing","display_name":"Edge-preserving smoothing","score":0.48308518528938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-smoother","display_name":"Kernel smoother","score":0.4796448349952698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46076536178588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.42151856422424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42110028862953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4188039302825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.41397497057914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.38151657581329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.34835153818130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3408174514770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.30245405435562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilateral-filter","display_name":"Bilateral filter","score":0.29612404108047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.16939055919647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-basis-function-kernel","display_name":"Radial basis function kernel","score":0.15942946076393127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.11243048310279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.10782182216644287}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.8584403395652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183212220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3345669","display_name":"Heat kernel","level":2,"score":0.6554361581802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6043209433555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5504686236381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5091802477836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141651230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337637","display_name":"Edge-preserving smoothing","level":4,"score":0.48308518528938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27406209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6394203","display_name":"Kernel smoother","level":5,"score":0.4796448349952698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46076536178588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.42151856422424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42110028862953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4188039302825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41397497057914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38151657581329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.34835153818130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3408174514770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.30245405435562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156140930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860417","display_name":"Bilateral filter","level":3,"score":0.29612404108047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.16939055919647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75866337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7280263","display_name":"Radial basis function kernel","level":4,"score":0.15942946076393127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.11243048310279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.10782182216644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006358","descriptor_name":"Hot Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006358","descriptor_name":"Hot Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006358","descriptor_name":"Hot Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8513450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8513450","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:30441488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30441488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5204013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6241285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1079565128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 EB022856","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G202724496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EB022856","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309434","display_name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310638","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320858","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W209964180","https://openalex.org/W1570328450","https://openalex.org/W1969576961","https://openalex.org/W1978765493","https://openalex.org/W1980431326","https://openalex.org/W2041702240","https://openalex.org/W2065319605","https://openalex.org/W2123969709","https://openalex.org/W2127324977","https://openalex.org/W2129534965","https://openalex.org/W2159622299","https://openalex.org/W2163142220","https://openalex.org/W2690240663","https://openalex.org/W6608602085","https://openalex.org/W6634211739","https://openalex.org/W6679367408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031490378","https://openalex.org/W1520441540","https://openalex.org/W2552416899","https://openalex.org/W1591640974","https://openalex.org/W4294651008","https://openalex.org/W2888823469","https://openalex.org/W2978930127","https://openalex.org/W3037144611","https://openalex.org/W2383399164","https://openalex.org/W4241340242"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"the":[2,49,66,80,84],"discrete":[3],"version":[4],"of":[5,31,75,83],"heat":[6,32],"kernel":[7,33],"smoothing":[8,34],"on":[9],"graph":[10],"data":[11,19,47],"structure.":[12],"The":[13,58],"method":[14,59],"is":[15],"used":[16,63],"to":[17,43],"smooth":[18],"in":[20,25,48,64],"an":[21,38],"irregularly":[22],"shaped":[23],"domains":[24],"3D":[26],"images.":[27],"New":[28],"statistical":[29],"properties":[30],"are":[35],"derived.":[36],"As":[37],"application,":[39],"we":[40],"show":[41],"how":[42],"filter":[44],"out":[45],"noisy":[46],"lung":[50],"blood":[51],"vessel":[52,68],"trees":[53,69],"obtained":[54],"from":[55],"computed":[56],"tomography.":[57],"can":[60],"be":[61],"further":[62],"representing":[65],"complex":[67],"parametrically":[70],"as":[71],"a":[72],"linear":[73],"combination":[74],"basis":[76],"functions":[77],"and":[78],"extracting":[79],"skeleton":[81],"representation":[82],"trees.":[85]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}