{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2899196211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8513220","title":"EmoSense: Automatically Sensing Emotions From Speech By Multi-way Classification","display_name":"EmoSense: Automatically Sensing Emotions From Speech By Multi-way Classification","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2899196211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8513220","mag":"2899196211","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30441461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8513220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8513220","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034006373","display_name":"V. Ramu Reddy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55215948","display_name":"Tata Consultancy Services (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/01b9n8m42","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086519","https://openalex.org/I55215948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V Ramu Reddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["TCS Research & Innovation, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TCS Research & Innovation, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55215948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077604416","display_name":"Venkata Subramanian Viraraghavan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55215948","display_name":"Tata Consultancy Services (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/01b9n8m42","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086519","https://openalex.org/I55215948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkata Subramanian Viraraghavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["TCS Research & Innovation, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TCS Research & Innovation, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55215948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55215948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.219,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64149761,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":null,"first_page":"4987","last_page":"4990"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion-matrix","display_name":"Confusion matrix","score":0.904767632484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.8456925749778748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.8145085573196411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7542380094528198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5488711595535278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5444068908691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.5248948335647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4570879638195038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.45143845677375793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.390407532453537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3732331097126007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09137332439422607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138602881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2709591","display_name":"Confusion matrix","level":2,"score":0.904767632484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.8456925749778748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.8145085573196411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7542380094528198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5488711595535278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5444068908691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.5248948335647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4570879638195038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.45143845677375793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.390407532453537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3732331097126007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09137332439422607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8513220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8513220","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:30441461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30441461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W127700241","https://openalex.org/W175750906","https://openalex.org/W342240743","https://openalex.org/W1412878278","https://openalex.org/W1963552095","https://openalex.org/W1981350556","https://openalex.org/W2013330779","https://openalex.org/W2062530052","https://openalex.org/W2103798534","https://openalex.org/W2124911490","https://openalex.org/W2161372178","https://openalex.org/W2751214333","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W6607193717","https://openalex.org/W6611526981","https://openalex.org/W6653806022"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964976023","https://openalex.org/W1982477181","https://openalex.org/W2403083015","https://openalex.org/W4366202965","https://openalex.org/W1969293528","https://openalex.org/W2349679704","https://openalex.org/W4205685985","https://openalex.org/W4389633859","https://openalex.org/W2570625548","https://openalex.org/W4288025700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reliably":[0],"detecting":[1,18],"emotions":[2,39,159],"is":[3,48,73,89],"a":[4,22,30,54,58,104,134,147],"topic":[5],"of":[6,17,37,52,57,150],"current":[7],"research":[8],"in":[9],"understanding":[10],"mental":[11],"health.":[12],"Among":[13],"the":[14,41,66,107,111,122,128,151,156],"many":[15],"modes":[16],"emotion,":[19],"audio":[20],"has":[21],"prominent":[23],"place.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26,86],"paper,":[27],"we":[28],"propose":[29],"two-level,":[31],"multi-way":[32,46],"classifier":[33,47,60,72],"applied":[34],"to":[35,61,91],"classification":[36,87],"seven":[38],"from":[40,85],"standard":[42],"Emo-DB":[43],"database.":[44],"The":[45,82],"an":[49],"automated":[50],"methodology":[51],"analyzing":[53,79],"confusion":[55,83,157],"matrix":[56,84],"first-level":[59],"build":[62],"more":[63],"classifiers":[64,116],"at":[65],"next":[67],"level.":[68],"A":[69],"random":[70],"forest":[71],"used":[74],"on":[75,106,121,127,161],"state-of-the-art":[76,143],"features":[77],"for":[78,93],"affective":[80],"speech.":[81],"level":[88,115],"analyzed":[90],"decide,":[92],"each":[94],"class,":[95],"which":[96],"other":[97],"classes":[98],"are":[99,117,139],"most":[100],"confused":[101],"by":[102,154],"using":[103],"threshold":[105],"misclassification":[108],"rate.":[109],"For":[110],"chosen":[112],"pairs,":[113],"second":[114],"built":[118],"and":[119],"trained":[120],"same":[123],"data.":[124],"Its":[125],"performance":[126,152],"training-set":[129],"(73.3{\\%)":[130],"as":[131,133],"well":[132],"non-intersecting":[135],"training":[136],"set":[137],"(72.9{\\%)":[138],"both":[140],"better":[141],"than":[142],"performance.":[144],"We":[145],"initiate":[146],"possible":[148],"explanation":[149],"improvement":[153],"considering":[155],"among":[158],"placed":[160],"Russel's":[162],"circumplex":[163],"model.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}