{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889059876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8512828","title":"Multi-Cell Multi-Task Convolutional Neural Networks for Diabetic Retinopathy Grading","display_name":"Multi-Cell Multi-Task Convolutional Neural Networks for Diabetic Retinopathy Grading","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889059876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8512828","mag":"2889059876","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30440966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8512828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8512828","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048745902","display_name":"Kang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8789-4243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165339","display_name":"Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05nqg3g04","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, China","School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065217855","display_name":"Zaiwang Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8764-0622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165339","display_name":"Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05nqg3g04","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaiwang Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, CN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320278","display_name":"Wen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3867-1825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013605789","display_name":"Weixin Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165339","display_name":"Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05nqg3g04","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixin Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, CN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044959745","display_name":"Jun Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1786-6188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165339","display_name":"Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05nqg3g04","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, CN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034339267","display_name":"Shenghua Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1626-2040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenghua Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325209","display_name":"Jiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6281-6505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165339","display_name":"Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05nqg3g04","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, CN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":null,"first_page":"2724","last_page":"2727"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8193470239639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7996728420257568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6745833158493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6329524517059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5195029973983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5136391520500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.5046705007553101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4555966854095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.4340454339981079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinopathy","display_name":"Retinopathy","score":0.41721558570861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.32771581411361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.16694435477256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08833920955657959}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8193470239639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7996728420257568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6745833158493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6329524517059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5195029973983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5136391520500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.5046705007553101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4555966854095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.4340454339981079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778313320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550455","display_name":"Retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.41721558570861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32771581411361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.16694435477256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08833920955657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8512828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8512828","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:30440966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30440966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985858131","https://openalex.org/W2086916172","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2161342819","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2529153069","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6694260854"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2584074590","https://openalex.org/W3028974389","https://openalex.org/W2752816974","https://openalex.org/W3190746054","https://openalex.org/W2567704700","https://openalex.org/W2942861078","https://openalex.org/W2234665477","https://openalex.org/W2418838244","https://openalex.org/W1981514967","https://openalex.org/W4205785479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"Retinopathy":[1],"(DR)":[2],"is":[3,23,33,75,181,202],"a":[4,64,89,149,173,203],"non-negligible":[5],"eye":[6],"disease":[7],"among":[8],"patients":[9],"with":[10,44,67,144,157,211],"Diabetes":[11],"Mellitus,":[12],"and":[13,48,71,80,101,160],"automatic":[14],"retinal":[15,31],"image":[16,32,47,74],"analysis":[17],"algorithm":[18],"for":[19],"the":[20,28,95,102,110,116,121,131,140,155,165,182],"DR":[21,125],"screening":[22],"in":[24],"high":[25,72],"demand.":[26],"Considering":[27],"resolution":[29,46,73,103],"of":[30,83,97,104,124,133,142,175,185],"very":[34,68],"high,":[35],"where":[36],"small":[37],"pathological":[38],"tissues":[39],"can":[40,207],"be":[41,208],"detected":[42],"only":[43],"large":[45,49],"local":[50],"receptive":[51],"field":[52],"are":[53,136],"required":[54],"to":[55],"identify":[56],"those":[57],"late":[58],"stage":[59],"disease,":[60],"but":[61,113],"directly":[62],"training":[63,111],"neural":[65,99,215],"network":[66,100,216],"deep":[69,98,214],"architecture":[70,91],"both":[76,108,158],"time":[77,112],"computational":[78],"expensive":[79],"difficult":[81],"because":[82],"gradient":[84],"vanishing/exploding":[85],"problem,":[86],"we":[87,147],"propose":[88,148],"Multi-Cell":[90,191],"which":[92,107,129,153,180,206],"gradually":[93],"increases":[94],"depth":[96],"input":[105],"image,":[106],"boosts":[109],"also":[114],"improves":[115],"classification":[117,159],"accuracy.":[118],"Further,":[119,189],"considering":[120,139],"different":[122,134,145],"stages":[123,135],"actually":[126],"progress":[127],"gradually,":[128],"means":[130],"labels":[132],"related.":[137],"To":[138],"relationships":[141],"images":[143],"stages,":[146],"Multi-Task":[150,192],"learning":[151],"strategy":[152],"predicts":[154],"label":[156],"regression.":[161],"Experimental":[162],"results":[163],"on":[164,177],"Kaggle":[166],"dataset":[167],"show":[168],"that":[169],"our":[170,190],"method":[171],"achieves":[172],"Kappa":[174],"0.841":[176],"test":[178],"set":[179],"4th":[183],"rank":[184],"all":[186],"state-of-the-arts":[187],"methods.":[188],"Convolutional":[193],"Neural":[194],"Networks":[195],"(M":[196],"<sup":[197],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[198],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[199],"CNN)":[200],"solution":[201],"general":[204],"framework,":[205],"readily":[209],"integrated":[210],"many":[212],"other":[213],"architectures.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}