{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2898712440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8512368","title":"An mRMR-SVM Approach for Opto-Fluidic Microorganism Classification","display_name":"An mRMR-SVM Approach for Opto-Fluidic Microorganism Classification","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2898712440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8512368","mag":"2898712440","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30440484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8512368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8512368","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086820838","display_name":"Jiawen Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8177-7361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawen Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010675602","display_name":"A. Q. Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0126-5778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiqun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065480872","display_name":"P. H. Yap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5376-5141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Huat Yap","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090004184","display_name":"Bo Liedberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-6953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liedberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113686034","display_name":"Wee Ser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wee Ser","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6275,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75099534,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":null,"first_page":"666","last_page":"669"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6898630857467651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6805809736251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6461442708969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5881535410881042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5315969586372375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.5224903225898743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4779500961303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-redundancy","display_name":"Data redundancy","score":0.4535771310329437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3719191253185272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33536040782928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.20560911297798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1606871783733368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09719869494438171}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6898630857467651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6805809736251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6461442708969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5881535410881042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5315969586372375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.5224903225898743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4779500961303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7545210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838123","display_name":"Data redundancy","level":2,"score":0.4535771310329437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3719191253185272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33536040782928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20560911297798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1606871783733368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09719869494438171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003458","descriptor_name":"Cryptosporidium","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003458","descriptor_name":"Cryptosporidium","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003458","descriptor_name":"Cryptosporidium","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005872","descriptor_name":"Giardia","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005872","descriptor_name":"Giardia","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005872","descriptor_name":"Giardia","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8512368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8512368","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:30440484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30440484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152027609","https://openalex.org/W1974056840","https://openalex.org/W2042894670","https://openalex.org/W2131987814","https://openalex.org/W2154053567","https://openalex.org/W2157875871","https://openalex.org/W2332628140","https://openalex.org/W4250857377","https://openalex.org/W6606117979","https://openalex.org/W6776535907"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090763504","https://openalex.org/W2107628111","https://openalex.org/W2394004323","https://openalex.org/W148178222","https://openalex.org/W2398764543","https://openalex.org/W2104657898","https://openalex.org/W2027335291","https://openalex.org/W1948992892","https://openalex.org/W1886884218","https://openalex.org/W20152637"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19,47,98,144,166,183],"detection":[1,21,67,111],"of":[2,34,49,103,118,120,151,168,196],"microorganisms":[3],"is":[4,194],"important":[5],"in":[6,94,107],"numerous":[7],"applications":[8],"such":[9],"as":[10],"water":[11],"quality":[12],"monitoring,":[13],"blood":[14],"analysis,":[15],"and":[16,25,32,113,124,140,146,160,176,193],"food":[17],"testing.":[18],"conventional":[20],"methods":[22,28,112,192],"are":[23,154],"tedious":[24],"labour-intensive.":[26],"Establish":[27],"involve":[29],"culturing,":[30],"counting":[31],"identification":[33],"the":[35,61,66,104,125,134,152,161,169],"pathogen":[36],"by":[37,89],"an":[38,76,90,95,180],"experienced":[39],"technician":[40],"which":[41],"typically":[42],"can":[43,81],"take":[44],"several":[45],"days.":[46],"use":[48],"opto-fluidic":[50,91],"technology":[51],"to":[52,59,84,132,138,202],"capture":[53],"microorganism":[54,86,109],"images":[55,87],"offers":[56],"0":[57],"route":[58],"reduce":[60],"overall":[62],"assay":[63],"time.":[64],"However,":[65],"still":[68],"requires":[69],"a":[70,157,198],"trained":[71],"technician.":[72],"This":[73],"paper":[74],"proposes":[75,114],"image":[77,110],"processing":[78],"method":[79,171,189],"that":[80,186],"be":[82],"used":[83,106],"classify":[85],"captured":[88],"set":[92],"up":[93,201],"automatic":[96],"manner.":[97],"proposed":[99,170,188],"algorithm":[100],"incorporates":[101],"some":[102],"features":[105],"other":[108],"two":[115],"new":[116],"features-Entropy":[117],"Histogram":[119],"Oriented":[121],"Gradients":[122],"(HOG)":[123],"filtered":[126],"intensities.":[127],"In":[128],"addition,":[129],"we":[130],"propose":[131],"apply":[133],"minimal-Redundancy-Maximal-Relevance":[135],"(mRMR)":[136],"criterion":[137],"select":[139],"rank":[141],"these":[142],"features.":[143],"probability":[145,148],"joint":[147],"distribution":[149],"functions":[150],"mRMR":[153],"estimated":[155],"using":[156,174],"Gaussian":[158],"model":[159],"Kernel":[162],"Density":[163],"Estimation":[164],"model.":[165],"performance":[167],"was":[172],"validated":[173],"SVM":[175],"data":[177],"collected":[178],"from":[179],"experimental":[181],"setup.":[182],"results":[184],"show":[185],"our":[187],"outperforms":[190],"existing":[191],"capable":[195],"achieving":[197],"classification":[199],"accuracy":[200],"95.8%.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}