{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2899332631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8512267","title":"Spectrum and Phase Adaptive CCA for SSVEP-based Brain Computer Interface","display_name":"Spectrum and Phase Adaptive CCA for SSVEP-based Brain Computer Interface","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2899332631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8512267","mag":"2899332631","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30440400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8512267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8512267","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/137268/2/Spectrum%20and%20Phase%20Adaptive%20CCA%20for%20SSVEP-based%20Brain%20Computer%20Interface.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429710","display_name":"Zhuo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6515-0021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore, SG"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore, SG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065156993","display_name":"Chuanchu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanchu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore, SG"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore, SG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320376","display_name":"Kai Keng Ang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3053-6311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Keng Ang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore, SG"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore, SG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015569198","display_name":"Aung Aung Phyo Wai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5734-5689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aung Aung Phyo Wai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore, SG"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore, SG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083290272","display_name":"Cuntai Guan Nanyang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuntai Guan Nanyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore, SG"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore, SG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100429710"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7407,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69676613,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":null,"first_page":"311","last_page":"314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.895135760307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8230218887329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5858149528503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5180485248565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.44631606340408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4292064607143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4188603460788727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39091604948043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3355609178543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.32201236486434937}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.895135760307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8230218887329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5858149528503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5180485248565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.44631606340408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4292064607143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4188603460788727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39091604948043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3355609178543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.32201236486434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003199","descriptor_name":"Computer Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003199","descriptor_name":"Computer Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003199","descriptor_name":"Computer Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8512267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8512267","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:30440400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30440400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/137268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/137268","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/137268/2/Spectrum%20and%20Phase%20Adaptive%20CCA%20for%20SSVEP-based%20Brain%20Computer%20Interface.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/137268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/137268","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/137268/2/Spectrum%20and%20Phase%20Adaptive%20CCA%20for%20SSVEP-based%20Brain%20Computer%20Interface.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2899332631.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2899332631.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62951041","https://openalex.org/W1420966906","https://openalex.org/W1978885917","https://openalex.org/W1997983983","https://openalex.org/W2051360945","https://openalex.org/W2060469061","https://openalex.org/W2079223014","https://openalex.org/W2093534731","https://openalex.org/W2098725211","https://openalex.org/W2116308679","https://openalex.org/W2132876794","https://openalex.org/W2143183535","https://openalex.org/W2163189413","https://openalex.org/W2477495371","https://openalex.org/W2496257186","https://openalex.org/W3149679044","https://openalex.org/W6673744288"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W2044053727","https://openalex.org/W1994410349","https://openalex.org/W3177028067","https://openalex.org/W1913385466","https://openalex.org/W2914170859","https://openalex.org/W2889342546","https://openalex.org/W2015048155","https://openalex.org/W4319302618"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Among":[0],"various":[1],"brain":[2],"activity":[3],"patterns,":[4],"Steady":[5],"State":[6],"Visual":[7],"Evoked":[8],"Potential":[9],"(SSVEP)":[10],"based":[11],"Brain":[12],"Computer":[13],"Inter-face":[14],"(BCI)":[15],"requires":[16],"the":[17,23,67,88,94,113,144,163,173,186],"least":[18],"training":[19],"time":[20,85],"while":[21],"carrying":[22],"fastest":[24],"information":[25],"transfer":[26],"rate,":[27],"making":[28],"it":[29],"highly":[30],"suitable":[31],"for":[32,50,99],"deploying":[33],"efficient":[34],"self-paced":[35],"BCI":[36,152],"systems.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"study,":[40],"we":[41],"propose":[42],"a":[43,72,181],"Spectrum":[44],"and":[45,82,108,127],"Phase":[46],"Adaptive":[47],"CCA":[48,167],"(SPACCA)":[49],"subject-and":[51],"device-specific":[52],"SSVEP-based":[53],"BCI.":[54],"Cross":[55],"subject":[56],"heterogeneity":[57],"of":[58,74,115,120,183],"spectrum":[59],"distribution":[60],"is":[61,148,188],"taken":[62],"into":[63],"consideration":[64],"to":[65,79,171],"improve":[66],"prediction":[68],"accuracy.":[69],"We":[70,111],"design":[71],"library":[73],"phase":[75],"shifting":[76],"reference":[77,90],"signals":[78],"accommodate":[80],"subjective":[81],"device-related":[83],"response":[84],"lag.":[86],"With":[87],"flexible":[89],"signal":[91],"generating":[92],"approach,":[93],"system":[95],"can":[96],"be":[97],"optimized":[98],"any":[100],"specific":[101],"flickering":[102],"source,":[103],"include":[104],"LED,":[105,124],"computer":[106,125],"screen":[107,126],"mobile":[109,128],"devices.":[110],"evaluated":[112],"performance":[114],"SPACCA":[116,158],"using":[117],"three":[118,177],"sets":[119,139,179],"data":[121,138,146,156,178],"that":[122],"use":[123],"device":[129],"(tablet)":[130],"as":[131],"stimuli":[132],"sources":[133],"respectively.":[134],"The":[135],"first":[136],"two":[137],"are":[140],"publicly":[141],"available":[142],"whereas":[143],"third":[145],"set":[147],"collected":[149],"in":[150],"our":[151],"lab.":[153],"Across":[154],"different":[155],"sets,":[157],"consistently":[159],"performs":[160],"better":[161],"than":[162],"baseline,":[164],"i.e.":[165],"standard":[166],"approach.":[168],"Statistical":[169],"test":[170],"compare":[172],"overall":[174],"results":[175],"across":[176],"yield":[180],"p-value":[182],"1.66e-6,":[184],"implying":[185],"improvement":[187],"significant.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}