{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2754700430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037763","title":"A new robotic approach to characterize mechanical impedance and energetic passivity of the human ankle during standing","display_name":"A new robotic approach to characterize mechanical impedance and energetic passivity of the human ankle during standing","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2754700430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037763","mag":"2754700430","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29060804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8037763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037763","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015207003","display_name":"Varun Nalam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0837-1175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varun Nalam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School for Engineering of Matter, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School for Engineering of Matter, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049280323","display_name":"Hyunglae Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-510X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunglae Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School for Engineering of Matter, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School for Engineering of Matter, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.514,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8017149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"4123","last_page":"4126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle","display_name":"Ankle","score":0.8304486274719238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.6147527098655701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passivity","display_name":"Passivity","score":0.5397423505783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertia","display_name":"Inertia","score":0.539313554763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-impedance","display_name":"Mechanical impedance","score":0.5349634289741516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stretch-reflex","display_name":"Stretch reflex","score":0.5112123489379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.4368475079536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance","display_name":"Balance (ability)","score":0.42271220684051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.42180463671684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.41505885124206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.4089575409889221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3381810784339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.33791279792785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2999613881111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.27697083353996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.24091777205467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.14765477180480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10203108191490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.08109396696090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07379356026649475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.8304486274719238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.6147527098655701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778809601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045736","display_name":"Passivity","level":2,"score":0.5397423505783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110407247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122508","display_name":"Inertia","level":2,"score":0.539313554763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159447365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6421317","display_name":"Mechanical impedance","level":3,"score":0.5349634289741516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780832504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1183041","display_name":"Stretch reflex","level":3,"score":0.5112123489379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4368475079536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.42271220684051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.42180463671684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.41505885124206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.4089575409889221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3381810784339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.33791279792785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2999613881111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27697083353996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24091777205467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.14765477180480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10203108191490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08109396696090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07379356026649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017097","descriptor_name":"Electric Impedance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017097","descriptor_name":"Electric Impedance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017097","descriptor_name":"Electric Impedance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065287","descriptor_name":"Robotic Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065287","descriptor_name":"Robotic Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065287","descriptor_name":"Robotic Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8037763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037763","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:29060804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29060804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974429115","https://openalex.org/W1987890863","https://openalex.org/W1994438809","https://openalex.org/W2035866398","https://openalex.org/W2044951073","https://openalex.org/W2058401197","https://openalex.org/W2101892505","https://openalex.org/W2102653827","https://openalex.org/W2254685193","https://openalex.org/W2343998866","https://openalex.org/W2412438256","https://openalex.org/W2588812156","https://openalex.org/W2738412476","https://openalex.org/W4249099723","https://openalex.org/W6691757605"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4233304828","https://openalex.org/W4239268637","https://openalex.org/W1977819874","https://openalex.org/W2952841825","https://openalex.org/W2085176909","https://openalex.org/W2051296765","https://openalex.org/W2098905871","https://openalex.org/W602646452","https://openalex.org/W1986871071","https://openalex.org/W2122341681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,22,32,41,63,87,102,111,120,125,160,164,167,178],"quantitative":[4],"characterization":[5],"of":[6,24,31,45,65,98,141,163,169,180],"ankle":[7,10,53,99,108,126,165],"impedance":[8,54],"and":[9,37,60,67,74,182],"passivity":[11],"during":[12],"upright":[13],"standing.":[14],"A":[15],"novel":[16],"multi-axis":[17],"robotic":[18],"platform":[19],"allows":[20],"for":[21,107,144],"quantification":[23],"these":[25],"neuromuscular":[26],"properties":[27],"in":[28,86,110,119,134,150,177],"two":[29],"degrees-of-freedom":[30],"ankle,":[33],"specifically,":[34],"dorsiflexion-plantarflexion":[35],"(DP)":[36],"inversion-eversion":[38],"(IE).":[39],"For":[40],"slow":[42],"sinusoid":[43],"perturbations":[44],"low":[46],"frequencies":[47],"ranging":[48],"up":[49],"to":[50,78,130,166],"1.5":[51],"Hz,":[52],"was":[55,70,105,128],"accurately":[56],"approximated":[57],"by":[58],"stiffness":[59,73,93],"damping,":[61],"while":[62],"contribution":[64,162],"inertia":[66],"reflex":[68],"feedback":[69],"minimal.":[71],"Ankle":[72,92],"damping":[75,109],"were":[76,117],"found":[77,129],"be":[79,131],"highly":[80,132],"direction":[81],"dependent,":[82],"being":[83],"much":[84],"higher":[85],"DP":[88,112],"than":[89],"IE":[90,121],"direction.":[91,122],"linearly":[94],"increased":[95],"with":[96],"co-contraction":[97],"muscles.":[100],"While":[101],"same":[103],"trend":[104],"evident":[106],"direction,":[113],"no":[114],"significant":[115],"changes":[116],"observed":[118],"In":[123],"addition,":[124],"behavior":[127],"dissipative":[133],"both":[135],"DOFs":[136],"over":[137],"a":[138],"wide":[139],"range":[140],"muscle":[142],"activation":[143],"young":[145],"healthy":[146],"subjects.":[147],"Characterization":[148],"results":[149],"this":[151],"study":[152],"would":[153],"not":[154],"only":[155],"provide":[156],"an":[157],"insight":[158],"into":[159],"functional":[161],"control":[168],"postural":[170],"balance":[171],"but":[172],"also":[173],"add":[174],"valuable":[175],"information":[176],"development":[179],"neuro-rehabilitation":[181],"assistive":[183],"devices.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
