{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2756380228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037646","title":"A new EMG-based index towards the assessment of elbow spasticity for post-stroke patients","display_name":"A new EMG-based index towards the assessment of elbow spasticity for post-stroke patients","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2756380228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037646","mag":"2756380228","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29060687"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8037646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037646","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027948297","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4530-3526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682043","display_name":"Xin Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9137-909X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100601527","display_name":"Peng Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9070-9069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023444694","display_name":"Wei Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7895-183X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","University of Technology, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042592657","display_name":"Oluwarotimi Williams Samuel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1945-1402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oluwarotimi Williams Samuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080165067","display_name":"Pingao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-122X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111521742","display_name":"Yanjuan Geng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanjuan Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100460657","display_name":"Hui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5312-0362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636088","display_name":"Guanglin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9016-2617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanglin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2017","issue":null,"first_page":"3640","last_page":"3643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spasticity","display_name":"Spasticity","score":0.9402192234992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modified-ashworth-scale","display_name":"Modified Ashworth scale","score":0.8299698829650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elbow","display_name":"Elbow","score":0.7549116611480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biceps","display_name":"Biceps","score":0.7490189075469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.7047799825668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.618516743183136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.448409765958786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.42704829573631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.09976115822792053}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779012798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117060","display_name":"Spasticity","level":2,"score":0.9402192234992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780566999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098821","display_name":"Modified Ashworth scale","level":3,"score":0.8299698829650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781184374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586","display_name":"Elbow","level":2,"score":0.7549116611480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781425419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201363","display_name":"Biceps","level":2,"score":0.7490189075469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.7047799825668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.618516743183136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.448409765958786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.42704829573631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.09976115822792053}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004550","descriptor_name":"Elbow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004550","descriptor_name":"Elbow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004550","descriptor_name":"Elbow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004551","descriptor_name":"Elbow Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004551","descriptor_name":"Elbow Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004551","descriptor_name":"Elbow Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8037646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037646","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:29060687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29060687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W423976877","https://openalex.org/W1974374840","https://openalex.org/W1985584484","https://openalex.org/W1988328687","https://openalex.org/W2020215731","https://openalex.org/W2024019310","https://openalex.org/W2076814455","https://openalex.org/W2089489915","https://openalex.org/W2098120537","https://openalex.org/W2109176273","https://openalex.org/W2113123187","https://openalex.org/W2151519621","https://openalex.org/W2163571125","https://openalex.org/W2167615109","https://openalex.org/W2169802943","https://openalex.org/W2295063215","https://openalex.org/W2295085892","https://openalex.org/W2479230322","https://openalex.org/W2605417236"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195603049","https://openalex.org/W2378740985","https://openalex.org/W293276664","https://openalex.org/W1965760488","https://openalex.org/W1965736365","https://openalex.org/W4205502267","https://openalex.org/W2737127084","https://openalex.org/W1992963123","https://openalex.org/W3126333532","https://openalex.org/W1970554925"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,15,118,138,156],"commonly":[1],"used":[2],"method":[3,17],"for":[4,186],"grading":[5],"spasticity":[6,86,97,174],"in":[7,91,169],"clinical":[8],"applications":[9],"is":[10],"Modified":[11],"Ashworth":[12],"Scale":[13],"(MAS).":[14],"MAS-based":[16],"depends":[18],"on":[19,124],"the":[20,24,49,59,62,92,115,125,150,160,163,166,170,180,187],"subjective":[21],"evaluations":[22],"and":[23,33,66,94,128,142,165],"experience":[25],"of":[26,54,64,144,172,189],"physicians,":[27],"which":[28,45],"may":[29],"lead":[30],"to":[31,76,114],"imprecise":[32],"inconsistent":[34],"evaluations.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"study,":[38],"we":[39],"propose":[40],"a":[41],"novel":[42],"index":[43,153,168,182],"(A-ApA,":[44],"was":[46,98,175],"calculated":[47],"with":[48,84,100],"root":[50],"mean":[51,60],"square":[52],"(RMS)":[53],"agonist":[55],"muscle":[56,68],"activity":[57],"by":[58,88,102],"between":[61,140,162],"RMS":[63,143],"agonistic":[65],"antagonistic":[67],"activations":[69],"extracted":[70],"from":[71],"surface":[72],"electromyography":[73],"(sEMG)":[74],"signals":[75,120,146],"quantitatively":[77],"assess":[78],"elbow":[79,85,96,173],"spasticity.":[80],"39":[81],"post-stroke":[82],"patients":[83],"caused":[87],"hemiplegia":[89],"participated":[90],"experiments,":[93],"their":[95,135],"assessed":[99],"MAS":[101,116,141,164],"one":[103],"experienced":[104],"physiotherapist.":[105],"Patients":[106],"were":[107,121,154],"thereafter":[108],"divided":[109],"into":[110],"four":[111],"groups":[112],"according":[113],"scales.":[117],"sEMG":[119,145],"recorded":[122],"simultaneously":[123],"patients'":[126],"biceps":[127],"triceps":[129],"when":[130],"they":[131],"extended":[132],"or":[133],"bended":[134],"elbows":[136],"passively.":[137],"correlations":[139],"as":[147,149],"well":[148],"newly":[151],"proposed":[152],"calculated.":[155],"results":[157],"demonstrated":[158],"that":[159,179],"correlation":[161],"sEMG-based":[167],"assessment":[171,188],"significant.":[176],"This":[177],"suggests":[178],"EMG-based":[181],"would":[183],"be":[184],"helpful":[185],"spasticity..":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
