{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2754374860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037642","title":"Using monkey hand exoskeleton to explore finger passive joint movement response in primary motor cortex","display_name":"Using monkey hand exoskeleton to explore finger passive joint movement response in primary motor cortex","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2754374860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037642","mag":"2754374860","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29060683"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8037642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037642","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032207358","display_name":"Kai Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8905-4384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053725186","display_name":"Luiz Ant\u00f4nio dos Anjos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-6912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luiz Antonio dos Anjos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102010549","display_name":"Karthikeyan Balasubramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9788-6693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karthikeyan Balasubramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036609798","display_name":"Kelsey T. Stilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7864-686X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelsey Stilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018625956","display_name":"Carrie Balcer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carrie Balcer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085676248","display_name":"Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031636427","display_name":"Derek G. Kamper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9048-4106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek G. Kamper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering at North Carolina State, University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering at North Carolina State, University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1239652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":null,"first_page":"3624","last_page":"3627"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.8554142117500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-motor-cortex","display_name":"Primary motor cortex","score":0.729905366897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement","display_name":"Movement (music)","score":0.5513767600059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5450366735458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-cortex","display_name":"Motor cortex","score":0.47866615653038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.44654443860054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.42743173241615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.3711364269256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23075976967811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.22940030694007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.2031787931919098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17226943373680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13489452004432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.08007803559303284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.8554142117500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780307956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18707","display_name":"Primary motor cortex","level":4,"score":0.729905366897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.5513767600059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5450366735458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778373776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18696","display_name":"Motor cortex","level":3,"score":0.47866615653038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.44654443860054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.42743173241615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3711364269256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23075976967811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.22940030694007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2031787931919098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17226943373680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13489452004432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.08007803559303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000882","descriptor_name":"Haplorhini","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000882","descriptor_name":"Haplorhini","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000882","descriptor_name":"Haplorhini","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000882","descriptor_name":"Haplorhini","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005384","descriptor_name":"Finger Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005384","descriptor_name":"Finger Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005384","descriptor_name":"Finger Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005384","descriptor_name":"Finger Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8037642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037642","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:29060683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29060683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1857567489","https://openalex.org/W1878589647","https://openalex.org/W1984931175","https://openalex.org/W2008429652","https://openalex.org/W2014834980","https://openalex.org/W2034759589","https://openalex.org/W2073694261","https://openalex.org/W2075025879","https://openalex.org/W2081468651","https://openalex.org/W2404037265","https://openalex.org/W2465471456","https://openalex.org/W2585198072","https://openalex.org/W6639125487"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2767281037","https://openalex.org/W4387432039","https://openalex.org/W2085368083","https://openalex.org/W2115633084","https://openalex.org/W2345983510","https://openalex.org/W2409287246","https://openalex.org/W4388365405","https://openalex.org/W2000974506","https://openalex.org/W2035895111","https://openalex.org/W3130588857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"neurons":[1],"in":[2,163],"primary":[3],"motor":[4],"cortex":[5],"(M1)":[6],"have":[7],"been":[8],"shown":[9],"to":[10,12,37,40,51,61,91,167],"respond":[11],"sensory":[13,27,140],"stimuli,":[14],"exploration":[15],"of":[16,26,58,83,139],"this":[17,121],"phenomenon":[18],"has":[19],"proven":[20],"challenging.":[21],"Accurate":[22],"and":[23,43,73,106],"repeatable":[24],"presentation":[25],"inputs":[28],"is":[29],"difficult.":[30],"Here,":[31],"we":[32],"describe":[33],"a":[34,48,59,84,154],"novel":[35],"paradigm":[36],"study":[38],"response":[39],"joint":[41,56],"motion":[42],"fingertip":[44],"force.":[45],"We":[46,80],"employed":[47],"custom":[49],"exoskeleton":[50,134],"drive":[52],"index":[53],"finger":[54],"metacarpophalangeal":[55],"(MCP)":[57],"macaque":[60],"follow":[62],"sinusoid":[63],"trajectories":[64,116],"at":[65,103,111],"4":[66],"different":[67],"frequencies":[68],"(0.2,":[69],"0.5,":[70],"1,":[71],"2Hz)":[72],"2":[74],"movement":[75,107,115],"ranges":[76],"(68.4,":[77],"34.2":[78],"degrees).":[79],"highlight":[81],"results":[82],"specific":[85],"M1":[86,164],"unit":[87,123],"that":[88],"displayed":[89],"sensitivity":[90],"direction":[92],"(more":[93],"active":[94],"during":[95],"flexion":[96],"than":[97],"extension),":[98],"frequency":[99],"(greater":[100],"firing":[101],"rate":[102,110],"higher":[104],"frequencies),":[105],"amplitude":[108],"(higher":[109],"larger":[112],"amplitude).":[113],"Joint":[114],"were":[117],"accurately":[118],"reconstructed":[119],"from":[120],"single":[122],"with":[124],"mean":[125],"R":[126],"<sup":[127],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[128],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[129],"=0.64":[130],"\u00b1":[131],"0.13.":[132],"The":[133,159],"holds":[135],"promise":[136],"for":[137],"examination":[138],"feedback.":[141],"In":[142],"addition,":[143],"it":[144],"can":[145],"be":[146],"used":[147],"as":[148],"an":[149],"external":[150],"device":[151],"controlled":[152],"by":[153],"brain-machine":[155],"interface":[156],"(BMI)":[157],"system.":[158],"proprioceptive":[160],"related":[161],"units":[162],"may":[165],"contribute":[166],"improving":[168],"BMI":[169],"control":[170],"performance.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
