{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2755938307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037345","title":"Wearable PPG sensor based alertness scoring system","display_name":"Wearable PPG sensor based alertness scoring system","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2755938307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037345","mag":"2755938307","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29060387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8037345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037345","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046810857","display_name":"Jishnu Dey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jishnu Dey","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Samsung R & D Institute, Bangalore, KA, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Samsung R & D Institute, Bangalore, KA, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088379045","display_name":"Tanmoy Bhowmik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3344-9213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanmoy Bhowmik","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Samsung R & D Institute, Bangalore, KA, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Samsung R & D Institute, Bangalore, KA, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112373021","display_name":"Saswata Sahoo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saswata Sahoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Samsung R & D Institute, Bangalore, KA, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Samsung R & D Institute, Bangalore, KA, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109261280","display_name":"Vijay N. Tiwari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Narayan Tiwari","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Samsung R & D Institute, Bangalore, KA, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Samsung R & D Institute, Bangalore, KA, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046810857"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2549,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55175881,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2017","issue":null,"first_page":"2422","last_page":"2425"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alertness","display_name":"Alertness","score":0.9774219393730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.8494934439659119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartwatch","display_name":"Smartwatch","score":0.7046394348144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6211228966712952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.4671351909637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3860548138618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.24267327785491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.1884884536266327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.16985374689102173}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200678441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423044","display_name":"Alertness","level":2,"score":0.9774219393730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.8494934439659119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29794715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362345","display_name":"Smartwatch","level":3,"score":0.7046394348144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6211228966712952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.4671351909637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3860548138618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.24267327785491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.1884884536266327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16985374689102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8037345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037345","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:29060387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29060387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506588750","https://openalex.org/W1985575945","https://openalex.org/W2029615681","https://openalex.org/W2107592538","https://openalex.org/W2117296910","https://openalex.org/W2121034421","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2150463764","https://openalex.org/W2162273778","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2169496382","https://openalex.org/W2538561053","https://openalex.org/W6630208708"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3140922578","https://openalex.org/W3041872367","https://openalex.org/W4285587629","https://openalex.org/W4205793574","https://openalex.org/W4225612652","https://openalex.org/W2756171776","https://openalex.org/W2765158217","https://openalex.org/W2993132146","https://openalex.org/W3047531582","https://openalex.org/W2599755607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantifying":[0],"mental":[1,30],"alertness":[2,50,66,91,110,152,176,185],"in":[3,23,128,134,156],"today's":[4],"world":[5],"is":[6,69,78,126],"important":[7],"as":[8,112],"it":[9],"enables":[10],"the":[11,58,131,135,181],"person":[12],"to":[13,82,87,101,137,165],"adopt":[14],"lifestyle":[15],"changes":[16],"for":[17,171,183,192],"better":[18,193],"work":[19],"efficiency.":[20],"Miniaturized":[21],"sensors":[22,34],"wearable":[24,144],"devices":[25],"have":[26],"facilitated":[27],"detection/monitoring":[28],"of":[29,76,109,151,169,195],"alertness.":[31],"Photoplethysmography":[32],"(PPG)":[33],"through":[35],"Heart":[36],"Rate":[37],"Variability":[38],"(HRV)":[39],"offer":[40],"one":[41],"such":[42,111],"opportunity":[43],"by":[44],"providing":[45],"information":[46],"about":[47],"one's":[48],"daily":[49],"levels":[51,186],"without":[52],"requiring":[53],"any":[54],"manual":[55],"interference":[56],"from":[57,73],"user.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"a":[63,89,103,148,154,157,188],"smartwatch":[64,77,136],"based":[65,85,97,145],"estimation":[67],"system":[68,146],"proposed.":[70],"Data":[71],"collected":[72],"PPG":[74,190],"sensor":[75,133,191],"processed":[79],"and":[80,116,159],"fed":[81],"machine":[83],"learning":[84],"model":[86],"get":[88],"continuous":[90],"score.":[92,177],"Utility":[93],"functions":[94],"are":[95],"designed":[96],"on":[98,106],"statistical":[99],"analysis":[100,150],"give":[102],"quality":[104],"score":[105],"different":[107],"stages":[108],"awake,":[113],"long":[114],"sleep":[115],"short":[117],"duration":[118],"power":[119],"nap.":[120],"An":[121],"intelligent":[122],"data":[123],"collection":[124],"approach":[125],"proposed":[127,143],"collaboration":[129],"with":[130,175],"motion":[132],"reduce":[138],"battery":[139],"drainage.":[140],"Overall,":[141],"our":[142],"provides":[147],"detailed":[149],"over":[153],"period":[155],"systematic":[158],"optimized":[160],"manner.":[161],"We":[162],"were":[163],"able":[164],"achieve":[166],"an":[167],"accuracy":[168],"80.1%":[170],"sleep/awake":[172],"classification":[173],"along":[174],"This":[178],"opens":[179],"up":[180],"possibility":[182],"quantifying":[184],"using":[187],"single":[189],"management":[194],"health":[196],"related":[197],"activities":[198],"including":[199],"sleep.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}