{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2754315338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037267","title":"EEG classification for motor imagery BCI using phase-only features extracted by independent component analysis","display_name":"EEG classification for motor imagery BCI using phase-only features extracted by independent component analysis","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2754315338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037267","mag":"2754315338","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29060310"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8037267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037267","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057460565","display_name":"Muhammad Naveed Iqbal Qureshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5338-2354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Naveed Iqbal Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, KR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, KR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006506966","display_name":"Dongrae Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3741-3410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongrae Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering (BMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering (BMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082495705","display_name":"Boreom Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-5833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boreom Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, KR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, KR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9311,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7405987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"2097","last_page":"2100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.810458242893219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7471541166305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.63912433385849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.6315332651138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.631402313709259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6211545467376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"Independent component analysis","score":0.5977083444595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.588530957698822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-learning-machine","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","score":0.5642738938331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5027844905853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.5016894340515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.49163132905960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.43735551834106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.08770671486854553}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.810458242893219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7471541166305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.63912433385849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.6315332651138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.631402313709259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6211545467376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5977083444595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.588530957698822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.5642738938331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5027844905853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.5016894340515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.49163132905960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43735551834106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.08770671486854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8037267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037267","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:29060310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29060310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968417898","https://openalex.org/W1988710410","https://openalex.org/W1998698574","https://openalex.org/W2035226872","https://openalex.org/W2049570325","https://openalex.org/W2050637571","https://openalex.org/W2055333456","https://openalex.org/W2075647286","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2119163516","https://openalex.org/W2166073443","https://openalex.org/W2181785117","https://openalex.org/W2509948470","https://openalex.org/W2512706775","https://openalex.org/W2603085108","https://openalex.org/W2669629675","https://openalex.org/W6963588625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W2947925238","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W1513407214","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W3045772920","https://openalex.org/W2944296668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,121],"accurate":[1],"classification":[2,44,140,155],"of":[3,16,46,67,124],"the":[4,9,14,42,47,69,72,78,84,90,101,105,116,134,138,144,173],"electroencephalography":[5],"(EEG)":[6],"signals":[7,74],"is":[8,161],"most":[10],"important":[11],"task":[12],"towards":[13],"development":[15],"a":[17,30,54,64],"reliable":[18],"motor":[19,48,174],"imagery":[20,49,175],"brain-computer":[21],"interface":[22],"(MI-BCI)":[23],"system.":[24],"In":[25,157],"this":[26,125,159],"study,":[27],"we":[28,147],"utilized":[29],"publically":[31],"available":[32],"BCI":[33,176],"Competition-IV":[34],"2008":[35],"dataset":[36],"IIa.":[37],"This":[38,108],"study":[39],"address":[40],"to":[41,114],"binary":[43],"problem":[45],"EEG":[50,73],"data":[51,87,94],"by":[52,75],"using":[53,143],"sigmoid":[55],"activation":[56],"function-based":[57],"extreme":[58],"learning":[59],"machines":[60],"(ELM).":[61],"We":[62],"proposed":[63],"novel":[65],"method":[66],"extracting":[68],"features":[70,146],"from":[71,104],"first":[76],"applying":[77],"independent":[79],"component":[80],"analysis":[81],"(ICA)":[82],"on":[83],"time":[85,92],"series":[86,93],"and":[88,98,130],"transforming":[89],"ICA":[91],"into":[95],"Fourier":[96,106],"domain":[97],"then":[99,128],"extract":[100],"phase":[102,109],"information":[103,110],"spectrum.":[107],"was":[111,127],"further":[112],"used":[113],"calculate":[115],"maximized":[117],"cross-correlation":[118],"connectivity":[119],"matrix.":[120],"upper":[122],"diagonal":[123],"matrix":[126],"vectorized":[129],"it":[131,166],"serves":[132],"as":[133],"basic":[135],"feature":[136],"for":[137,172],"ELM":[139],"framework.":[141],"By":[142],"phase-only":[145],"achieved":[148],"97.80%":[149],"(p":[150],"<;":[151],"0.0022)":[152],"nested":[153],"cross-validated":[154],"accuracy.":[156],"addition,":[158],"process":[160],"relatively":[162],"computationally":[163],"inexpensive.":[164],"Thus,":[165],"can":[167],"be":[168],"an":[169],"excellent":[170],"candidate":[171],"applications.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}