{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2755077307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037023","title":"Subdural recordings from an awake human brain for measuring current intensity during transcranial direct current stimulation","display_name":"Subdural recordings from an awake human brain for measuring current intensity during transcranial direct current stimulation","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2755077307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037023","mag":"2755077307","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29060069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8037023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037023","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010892998","display_name":"Yousef Salimpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7546-004X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yousef Salimpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054319773","display_name":"Chang\u2010Chia Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1173-6817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Chia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062156706","display_name":"W. R. Webber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9238-9145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William R Webber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077887952","display_name":"Kelly A. Mills","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4302-1501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly A Mills","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043335263","display_name":"William S. Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0958-050X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William S Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14420458,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2017","issue":null,"first_page":"1110","last_page":"1113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-direct-current-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation","score":0.9554968476295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.7756776809692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.5805457234382629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-brain-stimulation","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","score":0.5563609600067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-stimulation","display_name":"Brain stimulation","score":0.5550054311752319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-alternating-current-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial alternating current stimulation","score":0.5257471799850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.5214133262634277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5178437829017639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.4992501735687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-cortex","display_name":"Motor cortex","score":0.49724891781806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromodulation","display_name":"Neuromodulation","score":0.4390527009963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.412304162979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinsons-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.39898350834846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.3520296812057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.25574082136154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","score":0.21170777082443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.11953744292259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.10592904686927795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07809525728225708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777803708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603398","display_name":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation","level":3,"score":0.9554968476295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.7756776809692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5805457234382629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778542668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618076","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","level":4,"score":0.5563609600067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985799443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955838","display_name":"Brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.5550054311752319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90987802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138877","display_name":"Transcranial alternating current stimulation","level":4,"score":0.5257471799850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5214133262634277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5178437829017639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4992501735687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778373776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18696","display_name":"Motor cortex","level":3,"score":0.49724891781806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780375056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905905","display_name":"Neuromodulation","level":3,"score":0.4390527009963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.412304162979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.39898350834846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3520296812057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25574082136154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.21170777082443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.11953744292259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.10592904686927795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07809525728225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004567","descriptor_name":"Electrodes, Implanted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004567","descriptor_name":"Electrodes, Implanted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004567","descriptor_name":"Electrodes, Implanted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013355","descriptor_name":"Subdural Space","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013355","descriptor_name":"Subdural Space","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013355","descriptor_name":"Subdural Space","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065908","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065908","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065908","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8037023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037023","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:29060069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29060069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W376158516","https://openalex.org/W1605889908","https://openalex.org/W1835388089","https://openalex.org/W2011861646","https://openalex.org/W2065300495","https://openalex.org/W2095590115","https://openalex.org/W2095694475","https://openalex.org/W2109764946","https://openalex.org/W2114329358","https://openalex.org/W2120704531","https://openalex.org/W2157458634","https://openalex.org/W2300876890","https://openalex.org/W2516154248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009943748","https://openalex.org/W2790156845","https://openalex.org/W4283794712","https://openalex.org/W3157381604","https://openalex.org/W2891896600","https://openalex.org/W2037415880","https://openalex.org/W4213293081","https://openalex.org/W2897125999","https://openalex.org/W4250149432","https://openalex.org/W1947925357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transcranial":[0],"direct":[1],"current":[2,34,53,98,116],"stimulation":[3,77,85,128,146,156],"(tDCS)":[4],"is":[5,39],"an":[6,59],"emerging":[7],"method,":[8],"used":[9,82],"for":[10,87,152],"non-invasively":[11],"stimulating":[12],"the":[13,26,29,33,48,52,66,88,94,101,104,115,120,125,141],"brain":[14,76],"in":[15,20,69,122],"normal":[16],"healthy":[17],"subjects":[18],"and":[19,92,147],"patients":[21,70],"with":[22,71,129],"neurological":[23],"disorders.":[24],"However,":[25],"pattern":[27],"of":[28,32,51,96,114,124,144],"spatial":[30,49],"distribution":[31],"intensity":[35,54],"induced":[36,55,118],"by":[37,56,119],"tDCS":[38,57,89,121,145],"poorly":[40],"understood.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"study,":[44],"we":[45],"directly":[46],"measured":[47,93],"characteristics":[50],"using":[58],"intracranial":[60],"strip":[61,106],"electrode":[62,90,107],"array":[63],"implanted":[64,105],"over":[65],"motor":[67],"cortex":[68],"Parkinson's":[72],"disease":[73],"undergoing":[74],"deep":[75],"lead":[78],"placement":[79,91],"surgery.":[80],"We":[81],"a":[83],"bilateral":[84],"configuration":[86],"amount":[95],"electric":[97],"passing":[99],"through":[100],"contacts":[102,126],"along":[103],"contacts.":[108],"Our":[109],"results":[110,135],"showed":[111],"significant":[112],"changes":[113],"flow":[117],"some":[123],"during":[127],"respect":[130],"to":[131],"baseline":[132],"activities.":[133],"These":[134],"may":[136],"provide":[137],"vital":[138],"information":[139],"regarding":[140],"biophysical":[142],"effects":[143],"might":[148],"be":[149],"potentially":[150],"useful":[151],"developing":[153],"more":[154],"effective":[155],"strategies.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}