{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2755990594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8036912","title":"Image quality classification for DR screening using deep learning","display_name":"Image quality classification for DR screening using deep learning","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2755990594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8036912","mag":"2755990594","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29059960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8036912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8036912","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076553410","display_name":"Fengli Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165339","display_name":"Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05nqg3g04","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"FengLi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100700550","display_name":"Jing Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-1562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102781484","display_name":"Annan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["A*STAR, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A*STAR, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044959745","display_name":"Jun Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1786-6188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["A*STAR, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A*STAR, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101706154","display_name":"Cheng Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9818-0139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325209","display_name":"Jiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6281-6505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165339","display_name":"Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05nqg3g04","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165339","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076553410"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165339","https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2072,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96045572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2017","issue":null,"first_page":"664","last_page":"667"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12599","display_name":"Retinal and Optic Conditions","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8223141431808472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7966114282608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7234407663345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6285164952278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.6053407192230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.5547131299972534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.49547016620635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45059192180633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4393921196460724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.426182359457016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.41372326016426086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.4126723110675812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8223141431808472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7966114282608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7234407663345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6285164952278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.6053407192230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.5547131299972534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.49547016620635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45059192180633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4393921196460724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.426182359457016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.41372326016426086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.4126723110675812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8036912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8036912","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:29059960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29059960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1948745668","https://openalex.org/W2021662144","https://openalex.org/W2100470808","https://openalex.org/W2127069950","https://openalex.org/W2245042066","https://openalex.org/W2486758514","https://openalex.org/W2502390809","https://openalex.org/W2559576743","https://openalex.org/W2560510252","https://openalex.org/W6640764873","https://openalex.org/W6730537853"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2967742050","https://openalex.org/W2911497689","https://openalex.org/W2952813363","https://openalex.org/W2966407021","https://openalex.org/W2963346891","https://openalex.org/W4360783045","https://openalex.org/W2770149305","https://openalex.org/W3167930666","https://openalex.org/W3014952856","https://openalex.org/W3010730661"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,59],"quality":[1,44,87,90,135],"of":[2,9,54,99,139,142],"input":[3],"images":[4,122],"significantly":[5],"affects":[6],"the":[7,17,52,55,96,111,128,133],"outcome":[8],"automated":[10],"diabetic":[11],"retinopathy":[12],"(DR)":[13],"screening":[14],"systems.":[15],"Unlike":[16],"previous":[18],"methods":[19],"that":[20,47],"only":[21],"consider":[22],"simple":[23],"low-level":[24],"features":[25,64,70],"such":[26],"as":[27],"hand-crafted":[28],"geometric":[29],"and":[30,68,110,137],"structural":[31],"features,":[32],"in":[33,125],"this":[34,126],"paper":[35],"we":[36],"propose":[37],"a":[38,104],"novel":[39],"method":[40,112],"for":[41],"retinal":[42,91,106,121],"image":[43,108,134],"classification":[45],"(IQC)":[46],"performs":[48],"computational":[49],"algorithms":[50],"imitating":[51],"working":[53],"human":[56],"visual":[57],"system.":[58],"proposed":[60,101],"algorithm":[61,102],"combines":[62],"unsupervised":[63],"from":[65,72],"saliency":[66],"map":[67],"supervised":[69],"coming":[71],"convolutional":[73],"neural":[74],"networks":[75],"(CNN),":[76],"which":[77],"are":[78,123],"fed":[79],"to":[80,83,132],"an":[81],"SVM":[82],"automatically":[84],"detect":[85],"high":[86],"vs":[88],"poor":[89],"fundus":[92,107],"images.":[93,144],"We":[94],"demonstrate":[95],"superior":[97],"performance":[98],"our":[100],"on":[103],"large":[105],"dataset":[109],"could":[113],"achieve":[114],"higher":[115],"accuracy":[116],"than":[117],"other":[118,140],"methods.":[119],"Although":[120],"used":[124],"study,":[127],"methodology":[129],"is":[130],"applicable":[131],"assessment":[136],"enhancement":[138],"types":[141],"medical":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}