{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2535971517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7592144","title":"A fast approximation method for principal component analysis applied to ECG derived respiration for OSA detection","display_name":"A fast approximation method for principal component analysis applied to ECG derived respiration for OSA detection","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2535971517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7592144","mag":"2535971517","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28269667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7592144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7592144","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041643564","display_name":"Nadi Sadr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9926-0678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nadi Sadr","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078054483","display_name":"Philip de Chazal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2091-207X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip de Chazal","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041643564"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1336,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79318731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"6198","last_page":"6201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.852557897567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7039172649383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6942678689956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.6428266763687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-learning-machine","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","score":0.5902287364006042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5733565092086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5362675786018372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-validation","display_name":"Cross-validation","score":0.44828900694847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant","display_name":"Discriminant","score":0.41758689284324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apnea","display_name":"Apnea","score":0.41185060143470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3750969171524048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.22649863362312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08955416083335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.07260715961456299}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.852557897567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7039172649383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6942678689956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.6428266763687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.5902287364006042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5733565092086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5362675786018372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27181475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541014","display_name":"Cross-validation","level":2,"score":0.44828900694847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78397625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487","display_name":"Discriminant","level":2,"score":0.41758689284324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781326671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754424","display_name":"Apnea","level":2,"score":0.41185060143470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3750969171524048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.22649863362312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08955416083335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.07260715961456299}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7592144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7592144","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:28269667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28269667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50605923","https://openalex.org/W1979462552","https://openalex.org/W2015625193","https://openalex.org/W2024594469","https://openalex.org/W2097464745","https://openalex.org/W2106336403","https://openalex.org/W2107953804","https://openalex.org/W2115431794","https://openalex.org/W2121209008","https://openalex.org/W2127747344","https://openalex.org/W2128261760","https://openalex.org/W2138061685","https://openalex.org/W2140095548","https://openalex.org/W2142403514","https://openalex.org/W2150475312","https://openalex.org/W2151299443","https://openalex.org/W2151317568","https://openalex.org/W2155758218","https://openalex.org/W2158430825","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2164179736","https://openalex.org/W2171622756","https://openalex.org/W2242491276","https://openalex.org/W2290899804","https://openalex.org/W4241523327","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6602011570","https://openalex.org/W6678375360","https://openalex.org/W6679011216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350751952","https://openalex.org/W1999647744","https://openalex.org/W2362114017","https://openalex.org/W3147024994","https://openalex.org/W2063246903","https://openalex.org/W2374055396","https://openalex.org/W1978302214","https://openalex.org/W2021817983","https://openalex.org/W3008559849","https://openalex.org/W2371177901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"an":[5],"approximation":[6,26,155],"method":[7,27,42,114,156],"for":[8,140,157],"principal":[9],"component":[10],"analysis":[11],"(PCA)":[12],"and":[13,62,75,127,147],"apply":[14],"it":[15,37],"to":[16,38,46,65,81,162],"estimating":[17],"the":[18,21,49,55,83,101,116,134,154,164],"respiration":[19,59,165],"from":[20,54,87,92,167],"overnight":[22,89,168],"ECG":[23,57,90],"signal.":[24],"The":[25,71,85,111],"is":[28,44,159],"computationally":[29],"fast":[30],"with":[31,107],"low":[32],"memory":[33],"requirements.":[34],"We":[35,151],"compare":[36],"a":[39],"full":[40],"PCA":[41,113,136,158],"which":[43],"applied":[45],"segments":[47],"of":[48,119,129],"ECG.":[50],"Features":[51],"were":[52,79],"calculated":[53],"two":[56],"derived":[58],"signals":[60],"(EDR)":[61],"classifiers":[63],"trained":[64],"detect":[66],"obstructive":[67],"sleep":[68],"apnoea":[69],"(OSA).":[70],"Extreme":[72],"Learning":[73],"Machine":[74],"Linear":[76],"Discriminant":[77],"classifier":[78,123,146],"used":[80],"classify":[82],"recordings.":[84],"data":[86],"35":[88],"recordings":[91],"MIT":[93],"PhysioNet":[94],"Apnea-ECG":[95],"training":[96],"database":[97],"was":[98,105],"utilized":[99],"in":[100],"paper.":[102],"Apnoea":[103],"detection":[104],"evaluated":[106],"leave-one-record-out":[108],"cross":[109],"validation.":[110],"approximated":[112],"obtained":[115],"highest":[117],"accuracy":[118,128],"76.4%":[120],"by":[121,131,144,149],"ELM":[122,145],"at":[124],"fan-out":[125],"10":[126],"78.4%":[130],"LDA.":[132,150],"While,":[133],"segmented":[135],"achieved":[137],"lower":[138],"accuracies":[139],"both":[141],"classifiers,":[142],"75.9%":[143],"76.6%":[148],"conclude":[152],"that":[153],"well":[160],"suited":[161],"deriving":[163],"signal":[166],"ECGs.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}