{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2534652536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7592068","title":"A Kalman filter to estimate altitude change during a fall","display_name":"A Kalman filter to estimate altitude change during a fall","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2534652536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7592068","mag":"2534652536","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28269594"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7592068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7592068","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014720715","display_name":"Michael Stevens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3583-688X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael C. Stevens","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNSW Australia, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNSW Australia, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048460199","display_name":"Wei L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2869-8450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNSW Australia, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNSW Australia, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427145","display_name":"Changhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-9357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNSW Australia, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNSW Australia, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013317847","display_name":"Stephen J. Redmond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2630-5449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen J. Redmond","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNSW Australia, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNSW Australia, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060602596","display_name":"Nigel H. Lovell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1637-1079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nigel H. Lovell","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNSW Australia, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNSW Australia, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23611111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"5889","last_page":"5892"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barometer","display_name":"Barometer","score":0.8094755411148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.652898907661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.521220326423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altitude","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","score":0.4644719660282135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4625204801559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.43401873111724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4222952425479889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4006664752960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3886316418647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3374459445476532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2872575521469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2612473964691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20225465297698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18056365847587585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14883825182914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.13993656635284424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107284991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79757","display_name":"Barometer","level":2,"score":0.8094755411148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.652898907661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.521220326423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339495","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","level":2,"score":0.4644719660282135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4625204801559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.43401873111724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4222952425479889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4006664752960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3886316418647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3374459445476532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2872575521469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2612473964691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20225465297698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18056365847587585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14883825182914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.13993656635284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000058","descriptor_name":"Accidental Falls","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000058","descriptor_name":"Accidental Falls","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000058","descriptor_name":"Accidental Falls","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000203","descriptor_name":"Activities of Daily Living","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000531","descriptor_name":"Altitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000531","descriptor_name":"Altitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000531","descriptor_name":"Altitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001274","descriptor_name":"Atmospheric Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001274","descriptor_name":"Atmospheric Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001274","descriptor_name":"Atmospheric Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018670","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Ambulatory","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018670","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Ambulatory","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018670","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Ambulatory","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7592068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7592068","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:28269594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28269594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061572177","https://openalex.org/W2068257684","https://openalex.org/W2079458432","https://openalex.org/W2082434146","https://openalex.org/W2097470741","https://openalex.org/W2103532308","https://openalex.org/W2121647405","https://openalex.org/W2128628418","https://openalex.org/W2168762096","https://openalex.org/W2322591928","https://openalex.org/W2535374659","https://openalex.org/W2548593690","https://openalex.org/W4241299311","https://openalex.org/W6700981329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2383522559","https://openalex.org/W2474340251","https://openalex.org/W2389779607","https://openalex.org/W2115955683","https://openalex.org/W2888934941","https://openalex.org/W4234212403","https://openalex.org/W2467955830","https://openalex.org/W1593668940","https://openalex.org/W2166765279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Barometers":[0],"have":[1],"been":[2],"incorporated":[3],"into":[4],"fall":[5,14,39,62,114,126],"detectors":[6],"in":[7,68,135,146],"order":[8],"to":[9,83,111,167],"enhance":[10],"the":[11,34,45,52,69,81,94,119,163],"accuracy":[12],"of":[13,27,44,51,104,127,138,158],"detection":[15],"algorithms,":[16],"however":[17],"they":[18],"are":[19],"power-hungry":[20],"devices.":[21],"We":[22,92],"present":[23],"an":[24],"offline":[25],"evaluation":[26],"a":[28,38,55,60,66,88,125,133,144,150],"Kalman":[29],"filter":[30,154],"(KF)":[31],"for":[32],"estimating":[33],"pressure":[35,122,136],"change":[36,123,145],"during":[37,124],"that":[40,54],"enables":[41,80],"low-power":[42],"operation":[43],"barometer.":[46],"The":[47,107,141],"KF":[48,95,108,142],"takes":[49],"advantage":[50],"fact":[53],"semi-permeable":[56],"air":[57],"membrane":[58],"on":[59],"waterproof":[61],"detector":[63],"enclosure":[64,75],"causes":[65],"delay":[67,79,134],"equilibrium":[70],"between":[71,113],"internal":[72],"and":[73,77,102,115],"external":[74],"pressure,":[76],"this":[78],"barometer":[82],"be":[84],"switched":[85],"off":[86],"until":[87],"free-fall":[89],"is":[90],"detected.":[91],"assessed":[93],"using":[96,132],"data":[97],"obtained":[98],"from":[99],"simulated":[100],"falls":[101],"activities":[103],"daily":[105],"living.":[106],"was":[109,165],"able":[110,166],"differentiate":[112],"non-fall":[116],"activities,":[117],"with":[118],"average":[120,153],"measured":[121],"8":[128],"Pa":[129],"best":[130],"determined":[131],"equalization":[137],"20":[139],"seconds.":[140],"detected":[143],"altitude":[147],"faster":[148],"than":[149],"simple":[151],"moving":[152],"(MAF),":[155],"reaching":[156],"66%":[157],"its":[159],"final":[160],"value":[161],"before":[162],"MAF":[164],"initialize.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}