{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2534209845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591347","title":"Can PPG be used for HRV analysis?","display_name":"Can PPG be used for HRV analysis?","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2534209845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591347","mag":"2534209845","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591347","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091310388","display_name":"N Pinheiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7927-4722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N. Pinheiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics Engineering Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo II, Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics Engineering Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo II, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062336137","display_name":"Ricardo Couceiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-6964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Couceiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics Engineering Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo II, Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics Engineering Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo II, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083997342","display_name":"J. Henriques","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4622-474X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Henriques","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics Engineering Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo II, Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics Engineering Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo II, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062673371","display_name":"Jens Muehlsteff","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122849","display_name":"Philips (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2bgp27","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Muehlsteff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philips Research Laboratories Europe, Eindhoven, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Research Laboratories Europe, Eindhoven, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076273333","display_name":"I. Quintal","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Quintal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital and Universitary Centre of Coimbra-General Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital and Universitary Centre of Coimbra-General Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038080240","display_name":"Lino Gon\u00e7alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9255-3064"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Goncalves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital and Universitary Centre of Coimbra-General Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital and Universitary Centre of Coimbra-General Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083637401","display_name":"P. Carvalho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9847-0590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Carvalho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics Engineering Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo II, Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics Engineering Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo II, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091310388"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9378,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":152,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95982851,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"2945","last_page":"2949"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"Heart rate variability","score":0.9311972856521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.8285230398178101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.7605582475662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5209813714027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detrended-fluctuation-analysis","display_name":"Detrended fluctuation analysis","score":0.42460721731185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.4207164943218231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41520750522613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4004262685775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.37863051891326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.3371025323867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.23685410618782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23504510521888733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"Blood pressure","score":0.14282125234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12334653735160828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11885806918144226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.9311972856521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.8285230398178101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.7605582475662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5209813714027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21689155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2451452","display_name":"Detrended fluctuation analysis","level":3,"score":0.42460721731185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.4207164943218231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41520750522613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4004262685775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37863051891326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.3371025323867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.23685410618782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23504510521888733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.14282125234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12334653735160828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11885806918144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018709","descriptor_name":"Statistics, Nonparametric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018709","descriptor_name":"Statistics, Nonparametric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018709","descriptor_name":"Statistics, Nonparametric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591347","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:28268930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W188715143","https://openalex.org/W1995884363","https://openalex.org/W2010524207","https://openalex.org/W2019870610","https://openalex.org/W2026699230","https://openalex.org/W2092419518","https://openalex.org/W2107200525","https://openalex.org/W2111224964","https://openalex.org/W2111481778","https://openalex.org/W2111889024","https://openalex.org/W2120969014","https://openalex.org/W2132930716","https://openalex.org/W2133589238","https://openalex.org/W2155520195","https://openalex.org/W2908483786","https://openalex.org/W4254635126","https://openalex.org/W6655551560","https://openalex.org/W6757746553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3196000489","https://openalex.org/W2092419518","https://openalex.org/W1489924780","https://openalex.org/W2550549594","https://openalex.org/W2135573418","https://openalex.org/W2103398590","https://openalex.org/W2136845208","https://openalex.org/W2071516037","https://openalex.org/W2098180909","https://openalex.org/W2043464206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heart":[0],"rate":[1,106],"variability":[2,107],"(HRV)":[3],"represents":[4],"one":[5],"of":[6,11,23,98,119,180],"the":[7,12,21,24,32,80,93,96,102,117,153,165,172,177,191,219],"most":[8],"promising":[9],"markers":[10],"autonomic":[13],"nervous":[14],"system":[15],"(ANS)":[16],"regulation.":[17],"However,":[18],"it":[19,67],"requires":[20],"acquisition":[22],"ECG":[25],"signal":[26],"in":[27,43,51,83,95,128,161,203,218],"order":[28],"to":[29,49,171,241],"reliably":[30],"detect":[31],"RR":[33],"intervals,":[34],"which":[35,151],"is":[36,58,68,110],"not":[37],"always":[38],"easily":[39],"and":[40,72,92,141,183,214,221,225],"comfortably":[41],"available":[42],"personal":[44],"health":[45],"applications.":[46],"Additionally,":[47,147],"due":[48],"progress":[50],"single":[52],"spot":[53],"optical":[54],"sensors,":[55,85],"photoplethysmography":[56],"(PPG)":[57],"an":[59,198],"interesting":[60],"alternative":[61,199],"for":[62,125,158,200,211],"heartbeat":[63],"interval":[64],"measurements,":[65],"since":[66],"a":[69,73,90],"more":[70],"convenient":[71],"less":[74],"intrusive":[75],"measurement":[76],"technique.":[77],"Driven":[78],"by":[79],"technological":[81],"advances":[82],"such":[84],"wrist-worn":[86],"devices":[87],"are":[88,152],"becoming":[89],"commodity,":[91],"interest":[94],"assessment":[97],"HRV":[99,126,181,201],"indexes":[100],"from":[101,239],"PPG":[103,166],"analysis":[104,160,202],"(pulse":[105],"-":[108],"PRV)":[109],"rising.":[111],"In":[112],"this":[113],"study,":[114],"we":[115,148],"investigate":[116],"hypothesis":[118],"using":[120],"PRV":[121,159,173,192],"features":[122,174,230],"as":[123,197],"surrogates":[124],"indexes,":[127],"three":[129],"different":[130],"contexts:":[131],"healthy":[132,136,204],"subjects":[133,137,142],"at":[134],"rest,":[135],"after":[138],"physical":[139],"exercise":[140],"with":[143,206,234],"cardiovascular":[144],"diseases":[145],"(CVD).":[146],"also":[149],"evaluate":[150],"characteristic":[154,168],"points":[155,169],"better":[156],"suited":[157],"these":[162],"contexts,":[163],"i.e.":[164],"waveform":[167],"leading":[170],"that":[175,190],"present":[176],"best":[178],"estimates":[179],"(correlation":[182],"error":[184],"analysis).":[185],"The":[186],"achieved":[187],"results":[188],"suggest":[189],"can":[193],"be":[194,232],"often":[195],"used":[196,233],"subjects,":[205,223],"significant":[207],"correlations":[208,237],"above":[209],"82%,":[210],"both":[212],"time":[213,224],"frequency":[215,228],"features.":[216],"Contrarily,":[217],"post-exercise":[220],"CVD":[222],"(most":[226],"importantly)":[227],"domain":[229],"shall":[231],"caution":[235],"(mean":[236],"ranging":[238],"68%":[240],"88%).":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}