{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2538916103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591322","title":"Sleep stage recognition using respiration signal","display_name":"Sleep stage recognition using respiration signal","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2538916103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591322","mag":"2538916103","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591322","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102048119","display_name":"Jialei Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, University of Missouri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, University of Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018303984","display_name":"James M. Keller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0306-7142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James M. Keller","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, University of Missouri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, University of Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060329217","display_name":"Mihail Popescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6145-8096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihail Popescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["HMI Department, University of Missouri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HMI Department, University of Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013470616","display_name":"Marjorie Skubic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3801-7639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marjorie Skubic","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, University of Missouri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, University of Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"2843","last_page":"2846"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-rapid-eye-movement-sleep","display_name":"Non-rapid eye movement sleep","score":0.8104696273803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","score":0.657407820224762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-stages","display_name":"Sleep Stages","score":0.5962618589401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5860077142715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5318590998649597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.516644299030304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4918225109577179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohens-kappa","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","score":0.4387859106063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.41996338963508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.36659836769104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polysomnography","display_name":"Polysomnography","score":0.3424586057662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.24642866849899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.17872899770736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1710911989212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.13451388478279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.09978783130645752}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20566671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752878","display_name":"Non-rapid eye movement sleep","level":3,"score":0.8104696273803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.657407820224762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910364982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35831","display_name":"Sleep Stages","level":4,"score":0.5962618589401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5860077142715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5318590998649597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.516644299030304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4918225109577179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.4387859106063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.41996338963508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.36659836769104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778205975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874","display_name":"Polysomnography","level":3,"score":0.3424586057662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.24642866849899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.17872899770736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1710911989212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.13451388478279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.09978783130645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012894","descriptor_name":"Sleep Stages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012894","descriptor_name":"Sleep Stages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012894","descriptor_name":"Sleep Stages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014851","descriptor_name":"Wakefulness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014851","descriptor_name":"Wakefulness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014851","descriptor_name":"Wakefulness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591322","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:28268909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7692620","https://openalex.org/W158831567","https://openalex.org/W1980496360","https://openalex.org/W2007255765","https://openalex.org/W2019087047","https://openalex.org/W2020545064","https://openalex.org/W2024081693","https://openalex.org/W2062439387","https://openalex.org/W2066759777","https://openalex.org/W2110372849","https://openalex.org/W2139562446","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2525537354","https://openalex.org/W2884525847","https://openalex.org/W3166543270","https://openalex.org/W3190786843","https://openalex.org/W4235119308","https://openalex.org/W6776930347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3043638475","https://openalex.org/W2954331597","https://openalex.org/W2312564375","https://openalex.org/W2939360004","https://openalex.org/W1969232382","https://openalex.org/W4378835439","https://openalex.org/W1997399462","https://openalex.org/W1246045855","https://openalex.org/W2084125138","https://openalex.org/W2406124037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,46],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3],"sleep":[4,17,78],"stage":[5],"recognition":[6],"system":[7,39,47],"for":[8],"Awake,":[9],"rapid":[10],"eye":[11],"movement":[12],"(REM)":[13],"and":[14,54,61,82],"non-REM":[15],"(NREM)":[16],"detection.":[18],"Two":[19],"respiratory":[20],"variability":[21],"(RV)":[22],"features":[23,53],"are":[24],"extracted":[25],"from":[26],"oro-nasal":[27],"airflow":[28],"signals":[29],"provided":[30],"in":[31],"the":[32,73,75,83],"sleep-EDF":[33],"(Expanded)":[34],"database.":[35],"A":[36],"two":[37],"layer":[38],"with":[40,51,69],"threshold":[41],"comparison":[42],"classifier":[43],"is":[44],"implemented.":[45],"achieved":[48,68],"state-of-the-art":[49],"performance":[50],"simple":[52],"classifiers.":[55],"The":[56],"average":[57,84],"accuracy":[58],"of":[59,65,77],"74.00%\u00b15.30%":[60],"Cohen's":[62],"kappa":[63],"coefficient":[64],"0.49\u00b10.08":[66],"were":[67],"21":[70],"recordings.":[71],"In":[72],"end,":[74],"measure":[76],"efficiency":[79],"was":[80,87],"calculated":[81],"absolute":[85],"error":[86],"3.61%\u00b13.66%.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}