{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2537424881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591262","title":"An empirical study on the effect of imbalanced data on bleeding detection in endoscopic video","display_name":"An empirical study on the effect of imbalanced data on bleeding detection in endoscopic video","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2537424881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591262","mag":"2537424881","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591262","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103100255","display_name":"Farah Deeba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-5032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farah Deeba","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE department, University of Saskatchewan, Canada","ECE department at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE department, University of Saskatchewan, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE department at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070095138","display_name":"Shahed K. Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0045-7660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahed K. Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE department, University of Saskatchewan, Canada","ECE department at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE department, University of Saskatchewan, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE department at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071017561","display_name":"Francis M. Bui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8799-5965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis M. Bui","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE department, University of Saskatchewan, Canada","ECE department at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE department, University of Saskatchewan, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE department at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089274119","display_name":"Khan A. Wahid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0125-9789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khan A. Wahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE department, University of Saskatchewan, Canada","ECE department at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE department, University of Saskatchewan, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE department at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":null,"first_page":"2598","last_page":"2601"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11378","display_name":"Gastrointestinal Bleeding Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9715999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7049515843391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6795430183410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6760505437850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.6000968217849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5802547335624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4532403349876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4377667009830475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7049515843391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6795430183410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6760505437850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.6000968217849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5802547335624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4532403349876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4377667009830475}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003663","descriptor_name":"Decision Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003663","descriptor_name":"Decision Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003663","descriptor_name":"Decision Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004724","descriptor_name":"Endoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004724","descriptor_name":"Endoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004724","descriptor_name":"Endoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006470","descriptor_name":"Hemorrhage","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006470","descriptor_name":"Hemorrhage","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006470","descriptor_name":"Hemorrhage","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036262","descriptor_name":"Empirical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D036262","descriptor_name":"Empirical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D036262","descriptor_name":"Empirical Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053704","descriptor_name":"Capsule Endoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053704","descriptor_name":"Capsule Endoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053704","descriptor_name":"Capsule Endoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591262","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:28268854","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127422473","https://openalex.org/W1551909886","https://openalex.org/W1650175677","https://openalex.org/W1963531422","https://openalex.org/W1987469567","https://openalex.org/W1993527699","https://openalex.org/W2046788624","https://openalex.org/W2058068043","https://openalex.org/W2069904247","https://openalex.org/W2096945460","https://openalex.org/W2099454382","https://openalex.org/W2106479238","https://openalex.org/W2114968414","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2158505826","https://openalex.org/W2164330572","https://openalex.org/W2553296795","https://openalex.org/W2564058833","https://openalex.org/W6745603651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2049864679","https://openalex.org/W2981877337","https://openalex.org/W3203938600","https://openalex.org/W4286910063","https://openalex.org/W2163707935","https://openalex.org/W83146503","https://openalex.org/W2169074127","https://openalex.org/W202723009","https://openalex.org/W2188612292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,26,50,83],"biomedical":[1],"applications":[2],"including":[3],"classification":[4,81,103,120],"of":[5,23,33,43,74,93],"endoscopic":[6],"videos,":[7],"class":[8,61,77,99,116],"imbalance":[9,117],"is":[10],"a":[11,64,111,124],"common":[12],"problem":[13,46],"arising":[14],"from":[15],"the":[16,20,31,51,56,72,75,84,91,102,136],"significant":[17],"difference":[18],"between":[19],"prior":[21],"probabilities":[22],"different":[24,34,60],"classes.":[25],"this":[27],"paper,":[28],"we":[29,54,89,108],"investigate":[30,90],"performance":[32,58,121],"classifiers":[35,131],"for":[36,59,79],"varying":[37],"training":[38,67,95,139],"data":[39,96],"distribution":[40,62,78,100],"in":[41,138],"case":[42],"bleeding":[44],"detection":[45],"through":[47],"three":[48],"experiments.":[49],"first":[52],"experiment,":[53],"analyze":[55],"classifier":[57],"with":[63,114,127],"fixed":[65],"sized":[66],"dataset.":[68],"The":[69],"experiment":[70],"provides":[71],"indication":[73],"required":[76],"optimum":[80],"performance.":[82,104],"second":[85],"and":[86,98],"third":[87],"experiments,":[88,107],"effect":[92],"both":[94],"size":[97],"on":[101],"From":[105],"our":[106],"found":[109],"that":[110],"larger":[112],"dataset":[113,126,140],"moderate":[115],"yields":[118],"better":[119],"compared":[122,141],"to":[123,135,142],"small":[125],"balanced":[128],"distribution.":[129],"Ensemble":[130],"are":[132],"more":[133],"robust":[134],"variation":[137],"single":[143],"classifier.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}