{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2535277702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591172","title":"Design and characterization of a torque-controllable actuator for knee assistance during sit-to-stand","display_name":"Design and characterization of a torque-controllable actuator for knee assistance during sit-to-stand","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2535277702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591172","mag":"2535277702","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28324960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591172","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591172","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036779246","display_name":"Max K. Shepherd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6066-9222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324242722","display_name":"Shirley Ryan AbilityLab","ror":"https://ror.org/02ja0m249","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324242722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max K. Shepherd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurobionics Lab at the Center for Bionic Medicine within the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Northwestern University","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurobionics Lab at the Center for Bionic Medicine within the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Northwestern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324242722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075910975","display_name":"Elliott J. Rouse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-1527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324242722","display_name":"Shirley Ryan AbilityLab","ror":"https://ror.org/02ja0m249","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324242722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elliott J. Rouse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurobionics Lab at the Center for Bionic Medicine within the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","Neurobionics Lab, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Biomedical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurobionics Lab at the Center for Bionic Medicine within the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324242722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurobionics Lab, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324242722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Biomedical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0502,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77613138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"2228","last_page":"2231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.9302903413772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.7889037132263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.7402319312095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brace","display_name":"Brace","score":0.5450395345687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4731612801551819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controllability","display_name":"Controllability","score":0.41926315426826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.3972504138946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.38648301362991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3569476008415222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.23740652203559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.18691369891166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0828237235546112}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.9302903413772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.7889037132263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.7402319312095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779793219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662870","display_name":"Brace","level":2,"score":0.5450395345687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4731612801551819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48209547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331104","display_name":"Controllability","level":2,"score":0.41926315426826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3972504138946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.38648301362991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3569476008415222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23740652203559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18691369891166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0828237235546112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009989","descriptor_name":"Orthotic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009989","descriptor_name":"Orthotic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009989","descriptor_name":"Orthotic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010291","descriptor_name":"Paresis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010291","descriptor_name":"Paresis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010291","descriptor_name":"Paresis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019415","descriptor_name":"Torque","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019415","descriptor_name":"Torque","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019415","descriptor_name":"Torque","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591172","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591172","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:28324960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28324960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597258139","https://openalex.org/W1991576752","https://openalex.org/W2020317642","https://openalex.org/W2033433965","https://openalex.org/W2038634930","https://openalex.org/W2083683919","https://openalex.org/W2111253117","https://openalex.org/W2111898076","https://openalex.org/W2120798975","https://openalex.org/W2124604385","https://openalex.org/W2165927933","https://openalex.org/W2915048114","https://openalex.org/W2915142973"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036697162","https://openalex.org/W2332386680","https://openalex.org/W2561315646","https://openalex.org/W2248621902","https://openalex.org/W2003779889","https://openalex.org/W4205698120","https://openalex.org/W4239246781","https://openalex.org/W2542825942","https://openalex.org/W3205655234","https://openalex.org/W2906683640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Individuals":[0],"with":[1,57,153],"post-stroke":[2],"hemiparesis":[3],"often":[4],"have":[5],"difficulty":[6],"standing":[7],"out":[8],"of":[9,71,79,100,108,149],"a":[10,25,64,80,87,98],"chair.":[11],"One":[12],"way":[13],"to":[14,19,39,60,75,93],"potentially":[15],"improve":[16,94],"sit-to-stand":[17,36],"is":[18,74,106],"provide":[20],"knee":[21,27,45,82,154],"extension":[22,155],"assistance":[23,34,156],"using":[24],"powered":[26],"exoskeleton.":[28],"An":[29,133],"exoskeleton":[30,83],"providing":[31,150],"unilateral,":[32],"partial":[33],"during":[35,157],"would":[37],"need":[38],"be":[40],"torque-controllable.":[41],"There":[42],"are":[43],"no":[44],"exoskeletons":[46],"on":[47,145],"the":[48,77,101,109,146],"market":[49],"suitable":[50],"for":[51,114],"conducting":[52],"experiments":[53,63],"assisting":[54],"stroke":[55,151],"patients":[56],"sit-to-stand,":[58,115],"so":[59],"enable":[61,141],"such":[62],"research":[65],"device":[66],"was":[67],"developed.":[68],"The":[69,104],"purpose":[70],"this":[72,138],"report":[73],"present":[76,97],"design":[78],"novel":[81],"actuator":[84,102,105,139],"that":[85],"uses":[86],"fiberglass":[88],"leaf":[89],"spring":[90],"in":[91],"series":[92],"torque-controllability,":[95],"and":[96,112,129],"characterization":[99],"performance.":[103],"capable":[107],"required":[110],"torque":[111,131],"speed":[113],"has":[116],"high":[117],"bandwidth":[118],"(25":[119],"Hz),":[120],"low":[121,125],"output":[122],"impedance":[123],"at":[124],"frequencies":[126],"(<;0.5":[127],"Nm),":[128],"excellent":[130],"tracking.":[132],"orthotic":[134],"brace":[135],"built":[136],"upon":[137],"will":[140],"an":[142],"in-depth":[143],"study":[144],"biomechanical":[147],"effects":[148],"subjects":[152],"sit-to-stand.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
