{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2537297895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591145","title":"Electrosynthesis of magnetoresponsive microrobot for targeted drug delivery using calcium alginate","display_name":"Electrosynthesis of magnetoresponsive microrobot for targeted drug delivery using calcium alginate","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2537297895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591145","mag":"2537297895","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591145","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076780085","display_name":"Chengzhi Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8627-2335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengzhi Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034093121","display_name":"Katharina Riederer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katharina Riederer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067794015","display_name":"Michael Klemmer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Klemmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012597574","display_name":"Salvador Pan\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0147-8287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvador Pane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006427311","display_name":"Bradley J. Nelson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-6987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley J. Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076780085"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0876227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"2111","last_page":"2114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-delivery","display_name":"Drug delivery","score":0.7409040331840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-alginate","display_name":"Calcium alginate","score":0.7112017869949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug","display_name":"Drug","score":0.602500855922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.5808485150337219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/targeted-drug-delivery","display_name":"Targeted drug delivery","score":0.5794501304626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-healing-hydrogels","display_name":"Self-healing hydrogels","score":0.5435149669647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium","display_name":"Calcium","score":0.518573522567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.492787629365921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aqueous-solution","display_name":"Aqueous solution","score":0.4877515435218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-release","display_name":"Controlled release","score":0.4747217893600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.4530371129512787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.40461450815200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering","display_name":"Chemical engineering","score":0.3367222249507904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology","display_name":"Pharmacology","score":0.17166218161582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-chemistry","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","score":0.12135997414588928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry","display_name":"Organic chemistry","score":0.10148113965988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.061363786458969116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806","display_name":"Drug delivery","level":2,"score":0.7409040331840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778713300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2034064","display_name":"Calcium alginate","level":3,"score":0.7112017869949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.602500855922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5808485150337219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126511603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261145","display_name":"Targeted drug delivery","level":3,"score":0.5794501304626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108586683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164826","display_name":"Self-healing hydrogels","level":2,"score":0.5435149669647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519063684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706","display_name":"Calcium","level":2,"score":0.518573522567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.492787629365921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184651966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906356","display_name":"Aqueous solution","level":2,"score":0.4877515435218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163588942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165929","display_name":"Controlled release","level":2,"score":0.4747217893600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4530371129512787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.40461450815200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3367222249507904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.17166218161582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.12135997414588928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.10148113965988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.061363786458969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000464","descriptor_name":"Alginates","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000464","descriptor_name":"Alginates","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000464","descriptor_name":"Alginates","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000464","descriptor_name":"Alginates","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000464","descriptor_name":"Alginates","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000464","descriptor_name":"Alginates","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006603","descriptor_name":"Hexuronic Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006603","descriptor_name":"Hexuronic Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006603","descriptor_name":"Hexuronic Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006603","descriptor_name":"Hexuronic Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006603","descriptor_name":"Hexuronic Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006603","descriptor_name":"Hexuronic Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020723","descriptor_name":"Glucuronic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020723","descriptor_name":"Glucuronic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020723","descriptor_name":"Glucuronic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020723","descriptor_name":"Glucuronic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020723","descriptor_name":"Glucuronic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020723","descriptor_name":"Glucuronic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055616","descriptor_name":"Microtechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055616","descriptor_name":"Microtechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055616","descriptor_name":"Microtechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059346","descriptor_name":"Magnets","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059346","descriptor_name":"Magnets","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059346","descriptor_name":"Magnets","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065546","descriptor_name":"Drug Liberation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065546","descriptor_name":"Drug Liberation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065546","descriptor_name":"Drug Liberation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591145","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:28268748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W901398094","https://openalex.org/W1173549266","https://openalex.org/W1535937907","https://openalex.org/W1994929169","https://openalex.org/W2010782032","https://openalex.org/W2018753540","https://openalex.org/W2021486654","https://openalex.org/W2025019484","https://openalex.org/W2040040645","https://openalex.org/W2059446244","https://openalex.org/W2062741028","https://openalex.org/W2093719552","https://openalex.org/W2111199947","https://openalex.org/W2134053395","https://openalex.org/W2160634011","https://openalex.org/W2326355689"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2340623326","https://openalex.org/W4382584043","https://openalex.org/W1591778978","https://openalex.org/W4285084363","https://openalex.org/W2997083311","https://openalex.org/W4221112777","https://openalex.org/W2119073439","https://openalex.org/W2790639234","https://openalex.org/W3215134015","https://openalex.org/W1003944735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Targeted":[0],"drug":[1,46,90,156,193],"delivery":[2],"systems":[3],"deliver":[4],"drugs":[5,20],"precisely":[6],"to":[7,24,68,137],"a":[8,51,86,96,114,138,174,177],"specific":[9,139,147],"targeted":[10,136],"site":[11],"inside":[12],"the":[13,19,26,43,66,142,154,161,165,171,181,190],"body,":[14],"and":[15,59,70,180,187],"can":[16,92,124],"also":[17],"release":[18,71,91,194],"with":[21,109,128],"controlled":[22],"kinetics":[23],"prolong":[25],"efficacy":[27],"of":[28,35,45,77,99,164,173,185,192,195],"single":[29],"dose":[30],"administration.":[31],"The":[32,121],"advantageous":[33],"properties":[34],"hydrogels":[36],"make":[37],"them":[38],"attractive":[39],"for":[40],"use":[41],"in":[42,56,61,113,141],"area":[44],"delivery.":[47],"Calcium":[48],"alginate":[49,108,197],"is":[50,198],"pH":[52,78,100,152],"sensitive":[53],"hydrogel":[54,67],"stable":[55],"acidic":[57],"media":[58],"soluble":[60],"basic":[62],"media.":[63],"This":[64],"enables":[65],"absorb":[69],"aqueous":[72,83],"solutions":[73],"at":[74,95],"certain":[75],"ranges":[76],"values.":[79],"By":[80],"absorbing":[81],"an":[82,88,129],"solution":[84],"containing":[85],"drug,":[87],"active":[89],"be":[93,125,158],"triggered":[94],"specified":[97,166],"range":[98],"value.":[101],"In":[102],"this":[103,146],"paper,":[104],"we":[105],"combined":[106],"calcium":[107,196],"cobalt":[110],"nickel":[111],"(CoNi)":[112],"cylindrical":[115],"hybrid":[116],"micro":[117],"robot":[118],"by":[119,150],"electrodeposition.":[120],"designed":[122],"microrobot":[123,167],"wirelessly":[126],"actuated":[127],"external":[130],"magnetic":[131],"manipulation":[132],"system":[133],"and,":[134],"hence,":[135],"location":[140],"human":[143],"body.":[144],"At":[145],"location,":[148],"characterized":[149],"its":[151],"range,":[153],"absorbed":[155],"will":[157],"released.":[159],"Here,":[160],"fabrication":[162],"steps":[163],"are":[168],"characterized,":[169],"namely":[170],"production":[172],"template":[175],"on":[176],"silicon":[178],"chip":[179],"subsequent":[182],"template-assisted":[183],"electrodeposition":[184],"CoNi":[186],"alginate.":[188],"Additionally,":[189],"dynamics":[191],"studied.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}