{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2537088667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591065","title":"Effects of prefrontal anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on working-memory and reaction time","display_name":"Effects of prefrontal anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on working-memory and reaction time","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2537088667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591065","mag":"2537088667","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591065","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060269537","display_name":"Ines S. Verissimo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ines S. Verissimo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085513091","display_name":"Isabel M. Barradas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabel M. Barradas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009271134","display_name":"Tiago T. Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9128-1295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiago T. Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052206707","display_name":"Pedro C. Miranda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6793-8111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro C. Miranda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002436291","display_name":"Hugo Alexandre Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4323-3942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo A. Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060269537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3483,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70088264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"1790","last_page":"1793"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12608","display_name":"Spatial Neglect and Hemispheric Dysfunction","score":0.973800003528595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-direct-current-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation","score":0.709064781665802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.6620897054672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory","display_name":"Working memory","score":0.6390200853347778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prefrontal-cortex","display_name":"Prefrontal cortex","score":0.6223282217979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.5854735970497131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memorization","display_name":"Memorization","score":0.5818653702735901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.534339189529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-stimulation","display_name":"Brain stimulation","score":0.43627724051475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.42351600527763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.329826682806015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.31898465752601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.24851050972938538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.2208484411239624}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777803708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603398","display_name":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation","level":3,"score":0.709064781665802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.6620897054672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.6390200853347778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18680","display_name":"Prefrontal cortex","level":3,"score":0.6223282217979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.5854735970497131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30038468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4354775","display_name":"Memorization","level":2,"score":0.5818653702735901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.534339189529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985799443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955838","display_name":"Brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.43627724051475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.42351600527763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.329826682806015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.31898465752601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.24851050972938538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2208484411239624}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008570","descriptor_name":"Memory, Short-Term","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008570","descriptor_name":"Memory, Short-Term","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008570","descriptor_name":"Memory, Short-Term","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011897","descriptor_name":"Random Allocation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011897","descriptor_name":"Random Allocation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011897","descriptor_name":"Random Allocation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017397","descriptor_name":"Prefrontal Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017397","descriptor_name":"Prefrontal Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017397","descriptor_name":"Prefrontal Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065908","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065908","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065908","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7591065","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:28268675","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W196616672","https://openalex.org/W1988917471","https://openalex.org/W1994972949","https://openalex.org/W2061034794","https://openalex.org/W2061662808","https://openalex.org/W2077343267","https://openalex.org/W2087813588","https://openalex.org/W2090809739","https://openalex.org/W2097334123","https://openalex.org/W2129346844","https://openalex.org/W2134180298","https://openalex.org/W2162932719","https://openalex.org/W2163099466","https://openalex.org/W2165364760","https://openalex.org/W4240553276","https://openalex.org/W6607912803"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2803317371","https://openalex.org/W2340155868","https://openalex.org/W2514944117","https://openalex.org/W4386092312","https://openalex.org/W1995248718","https://openalex.org/W2096118154","https://openalex.org/W2762558726","https://openalex.org/W1605889908","https://openalex.org/W4311710260","https://openalex.org/W2122897514"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transcranial":[0],"direct":[1],"current":[2,154],"stimulation":[3,61,84,94,113,255],"(tDCS)":[4],"has":[5,265],"proven":[6],"to":[7,55,67,128,143,144,179,203,247,258,267,276],"be":[8],"a":[9,28,102,121,133,146,149,161],"useful":[10],"tool":[11],"in":[12,117,211,218,224,269,306],"the":[13,31,43,57,63,86,112,118,126,139,168,181,212,215,221,248,253,262,270,291,307],"scientific":[14,299],"research":[15],"community,":[16],"particularly":[17],"for":[18,105,125,189,252],"clinical":[19],"investigation":[20],"purposes.":[21],"Neuroimaging":[22],"studies":[23],"indicate":[24],"that":[25,205,237,274],"there":[26,206],"is":[27],"connection":[29],"between":[30,42],"prefrontal":[32],"cortex":[33,46],"(PFC)":[34],"and":[35,47,69,85,115,130,138,185,193,228],"working":[36],"memory":[37],"(WM),":[38],"as":[39,41],"well":[40],"primary":[44],"motor":[45],"reaction":[48,186],"time":[49,187],"(RT).":[50],"Thus,":[51],"our":[52],"goal":[53],"was":[54,109,136,141,158],"evaluate":[56],"effect":[58],"of":[59,62,96,120,123,155,214,226,272,290,293,309],"anodal":[60],"PFC,":[64],"with":[65,220],"respect":[66],"WM":[68,227],"RT.":[70],"We":[71],"tested":[72],"20":[73],"healthy":[74],"subjects":[75,240],"randomized":[76],"into":[77],"two":[78,93],"groups":[79],"-":[80],"half":[81,88],"received":[82],"active":[83,190,216,238,304],"other":[87],"sham":[89,192,222,249],"stimulation.":[90],"Participants":[91],"underwent":[92],"sessions":[95],"10":[97],"minutes":[98],"each,":[99],"separated":[100],"by":[101],"10-minute":[103],"interval":[104],"rest.":[106],"The":[107,198,285,298],"task":[108],"performed":[110,178],"during":[111],"periods,":[114],"consisted":[116],"display":[119],"list":[122,135],"words":[124],"subject":[127,140],"read":[129],"memorize.":[131],"Afterwards,":[132],"new":[134],"shown":[137],"asked":[142],"press":[145],"key":[147],"when":[148,245],"repeated":[150],"word":[151],"appeared.":[152],"A":[153],"1":[156],"mA":[157],"delivered":[159],"via":[160],"foc.us":[162],"gamer":[163],"headset.":[164],"After":[165],"both":[166],"stimulations,":[167],"participants":[169],"answered":[170],"an":[171,303],"Adverse":[172],"Effects":[173],"Questionnaire.":[174],"Statistical":[175],"tests":[176],"were":[177,207],"compare":[180],"accuracy,":[182],"error":[183],"rate,":[184],"values":[188,244],"vs.":[191,195],"first":[194,254],"second":[196],"stimulations.":[197],"results":[199,286],"obtained":[200,287],"led":[201],"us":[202],"infer":[204],"no":[208],"significant":[209],"improvements":[210],"performance":[213],"group":[217],"comparison":[219],"group,":[223,250],"terms":[225],"overall":[229],"RT":[230,233],"values.":[231],"However,":[232],"data":[234],"analysis":[235],"indicated":[236],"simulation":[239],"showed":[241],"significantly":[242],"lower":[243],"compared":[246],"only":[251],"period.":[256],"Due":[257],"emerging":[259],"technological":[260],"advances,":[261],"videogame":[263],"industry":[264],"started":[266],"invest":[268],"commercialization":[271],"products":[273],"promise":[275],"enhance":[277],"neural":[278],"functions":[279],"and,":[280],"thus,":[281],"improve":[282],"gamers'":[283],"performance.":[284],"provide":[288],"evidence":[289],"importance":[292],"testing":[294],"such":[295],"commercial":[296],"devices.":[297],"community":[300],"should":[301],"have":[302],"role":[305],"validation":[308],"these":[310],"claims.":[311]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}