{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2535775312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7590944","title":"Automated morphometric description of human corneal endothelium from in-vivo specular and confocal microscopy","display_name":"Automated morphometric description of human corneal endothelium from in-vivo specular and confocal microscopy","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2535775312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7590944","mag":"2535775312","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268563"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7590944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7590944","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061240956","display_name":"F\u00e1bio Scarpa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-9047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F. Scarpa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053800405","display_name":"Alfredo Ruggeri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9674-8176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Ruggeri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061240956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1108,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79293188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"1296","last_page":"1299"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10563","display_name":"Corneal surgery and disorders","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10563","display_name":"Corneal surgery and disorders","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confocal","display_name":"Confocal","score":0.7750454545021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6562711000442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confocal-microscopy","display_name":"Confocal microscopy","score":0.6138041615486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6101465821266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5854532122612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflection","display_name":"Specular reflection","score":0.5638855695724487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corneal-endothelium","display_name":"Corneal endothelium","score":0.56109619140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5156194567680359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microscope","display_name":"Microscope","score":0.47743019461631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.4702757000923157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cornea","display_name":"Cornea","score":0.4596530795097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy","display_name":"Microscopy","score":0.4576318860054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4536435604095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44099465012550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.42299383878707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.37694719433784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3419506847858429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2822161316871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.26118385791778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17047333717346191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.16784963011741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.14573895931243896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136009344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336201","display_name":"Confocal","level":2,"score":0.7750454545021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6562711000442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779178360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902045","display_name":"Confocal microscopy","level":2,"score":0.6138041615486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6101465821266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5854532122612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.5638855695724487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775901793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189806","display_name":"Corneal endothelium","level":3,"score":0.56109619140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5156194567680359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67649825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538","display_name":"Microscope","level":2,"score":0.47743019461631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4702757000923157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776882836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168291","display_name":"Cornea","level":2,"score":0.4596530795097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147080431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Microscopy","level":2,"score":0.4576318860054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4536435604095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44099465012550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.42299383878707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37694719433784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3419506847858429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2822161316871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.26118385791778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17047333717346191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16784963011741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.14573895931243896}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002452","descriptor_name":"Cell Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002452","descriptor_name":"Cell Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002452","descriptor_name":"Cell Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004728","descriptor_name":"Endothelium, Corneal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004728","descriptor_name":"Endothelium, Corneal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004728","descriptor_name":"Endothelium, Corneal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007564","descriptor_name":"Japan","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007564","descriptor_name":"Japan","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007564","descriptor_name":"Japan","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018613","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Confocal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018613","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Confocal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018613","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Confocal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7590944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7590944","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:28268563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1468165487","https://openalex.org/W1674518387","https://openalex.org/W1986392772","https://openalex.org/W2064326102","https://openalex.org/W2074668470","https://openalex.org/W2077925635","https://openalex.org/W2086843392","https://openalex.org/W2135410431","https://openalex.org/W2153571188","https://openalex.org/W2329977507","https://openalex.org/W2344908511","https://openalex.org/W2608896333","https://openalex.org/W6628610806"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2726111829","https://openalex.org/W4250585504","https://openalex.org/W2008049857","https://openalex.org/W1978803831","https://openalex.org/W2105513520","https://openalex.org/W2580002495","https://openalex.org/W2056668469","https://openalex.org/W82035557","https://openalex.org/W4285171187","https://openalex.org/W2055029167"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Corneal":[0],"images":[1,164,175],"acquired":[2,165,176],"by":[3,29,76,89],"in-vivo":[4],"specular":[5,171],"and":[6,31,44,100,173,188,217,228,230,257],"confocal":[7,183],"microscopy":[8],"provide":[9],"clinical":[10,62,152,223,270],"information":[11,111],"on":[12,39],"the":[13,19,35,45,61,71,78,93,97,102,113,121,125,141,148,167,178,195,209,215,218,222,264],"cornea":[14],"endothelium":[15],"health":[16],"state.":[17],"Indeed,":[18],"normal":[20],"hexagonal":[21],"shape":[22,119],"of":[23,47,51,60,73,116,124,131,137,151,221,246,249,251,258,263],"endothelial":[24,52,74,117],"cells":[25,53,75,118,143,252],"is":[26,37,54,225],"usually":[27],"affected":[28],"age":[30],"pathologies.":[32],"At":[33],"present,":[34],"analysis":[36],"based":[38],"manual":[40,219],"or":[41],"semi-automatic":[42],"methods":[43],"segmentation":[46],"a":[48,57,86,106,135,254,260],"large":[49,255],"number":[50],"required":[55],"for":[56,194],"meaningful":[58],"estimation":[59,262],"parameters.":[63],"We":[64],"propose":[65],"an":[66],"automated":[67,216],"method":[68,243],"that":[69,139,208],"detects":[70],"centers":[72,95],"convolving":[77],"original":[79],"image":[80],"with":[81,120,166,177],"customized":[82],"two-dimensional":[83],"kernels,":[84],"derives":[85],"structure":[87,104,130],"made":[88],"connected":[90,132],"vertices":[91,133],"from":[92,185,200],"recognized":[94],"using":[96],"Euclidean":[98],"distance,":[99],"fine-tunes":[101],"derived":[103],"through":[105],"genetic":[107],"algorithm,":[108],"which":[109],"combines":[110],"about":[112],"typical":[114],"regularity":[115],"pixels":[122],"intensity":[123],"actual":[126],"image.":[127],"The":[128,158,239],"final":[129],"forms":[134],"set":[136],"polygons":[138],"fit":[140],"underlying":[142],"contours.":[144,205],"From":[145],"these":[146],"contours":[147],"morphometric":[149,196,266],"parameters":[150,197,224,267],"interest":[153],"can":[154],"be":[155],"easily":[156],"computed.":[157],"procedure":[159],"was":[160,235],"applied":[161],"to":[162],"15":[163,174],"SP-3000P":[168],"(Topcon,":[169],"Japan)":[170],"microscope":[172],"Confoscan4":[179],"(Nidek":[180],"Technologies,":[181],"Italy)":[182],"microscope,":[184],"both":[186],"healthy":[187],"pathological":[189],"subjects.":[190],"Ground":[191],"truth":[192],"values":[193],"were":[198],"obtained":[199],"manually":[201],"carefully":[202],"drawn":[203],"cell":[204],"Results":[206],"show":[207],"mean":[210],"percent":[211],"absolute":[212],"difference":[213,234],"between":[214,226,237],"estimate":[220],"2":[227],"6%,":[229],"no":[231],"statistically":[232],"significant":[233],"found":[236],"them.":[238],"proposed":[240],"totally":[241],"automatic":[242],"appears":[244],"capable":[245],"detecting":[247],"contour":[248],"hundreds":[250],"covering":[253],"area,":[256],"obtaining":[259],"reliable":[261],"relevant":[265],"used":[268],"in":[269],"practice.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}