{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2536606021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7590943","title":"Automated segmentation of intra-retinal cysts from optical coherence tomography scans using marker controlled watershed transform","display_name":"Automated segmentation of intra-retinal cysts from optical coherence tomography scans using marker controlled watershed transform","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2536606021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7590943","mag":"2536606021","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268562"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7590943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7590943","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080789507","display_name":"G. N. Girish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2101-2388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42014448","display_name":"Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat","ror":"https://ror.org/02y394t43","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42014448"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11880225","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Karnataka","ror":"https://ror.org/01hz4v948","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G N Girish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Surathkal, Karnataka, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Surathkal, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11880225","https://openalex.org/I42014448"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066257041","display_name":"Abhishek Kothari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0196-7021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160748","display_name":"Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05dzhka64","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160748"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek R. Kothari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital, Jaipur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital, Jaipur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160748"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027824010","display_name":"Jeny Rajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-6005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11880225","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Karnataka","ror":"https://ror.org/01hz4v948","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11880225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42014448","display_name":"Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat","ror":"https://ror.org/02y394t43","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42014448"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeny Rajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Surathkal, Karnataka, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Surathkal, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11880225","https://openalex.org/I42014448"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080789507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11880225","https://openalex.org/I42014448"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4993,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88874641,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"1292","last_page":"1295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","score":0.7274746894836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7238706350326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6603150367736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6185747981071472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5996050834655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.5670874118804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5447708964347839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5033192038536072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4586316645145416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watershed","display_name":"Watershed","score":0.4435516893863678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42650145292282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10389095544815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08088380098342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.07210871577262878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.06496292352676392}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.7274746894836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7238706350326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6603150367736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6185747981071472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5996050834655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.5670874118804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5447708964347839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5033192038536072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4586316645145416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150547873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947851","display_name":"Watershed","level":2,"score":0.4435516893863678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42650145292282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10389095544815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08088380098342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.07210871577262878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06496292352676392}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003560","descriptor_name":"Cysts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003560","descriptor_name":"Cysts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003560","descriptor_name":"Cysts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005128","descriptor_name":"Eye Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005128","descriptor_name":"Eye Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005128","descriptor_name":"Eye Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011877","descriptor_name":"Radionuclide Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011877","descriptor_name":"Radionuclide Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011877","descriptor_name":"Radionuclide Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041623","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Optical Coherence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041623","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Optical Coherence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041623","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Optical Coherence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7590943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7590943","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:28268562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323437","display_name":"Medizinische Universit\u00e4t Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3x4p02"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151895561","https://openalex.org/W1542047971","https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W2079390326","https://openalex.org/W2096413230","https://openalex.org/W2134542952","https://openalex.org/W2139609138","https://openalex.org/W2165376948","https://openalex.org/W2282030987","https://openalex.org/W2326484406","https://openalex.org/W2418802570","https://openalex.org/W6606194389","https://openalex.org/W6695606353"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1669643531","https://openalex.org/W2130151498","https://openalex.org/W2122581818","https://openalex.org/W1631910785","https://openalex.org/W2159066190","https://openalex.org/W2739874619","https://openalex.org/W2110230079","https://openalex.org/W2117933325","https://openalex.org/W2117664411","https://openalex.org/W1721780360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"Coherence":[1],"Tomography":[2],"(OCT)":[3],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,84],"a":[7,32,56,129,142],"major":[8],"diagnostic":[9],"modality":[10],"for":[11,25,41,60,86,91],"retinal":[12,29,45],"imaging.":[13],"Although":[14],"OCT":[15,74],"generates":[16],"gross":[17],"volumetric":[18],"data,":[19],"manual":[20],"analysis":[21],"of":[22,132,138,146],"the":[23,51,118],"images":[24,71],"locating":[26,42],"or":[27],"quantifying":[28],"cysts":[30,46],"is":[31],"time":[33],"consuming":[34],"process.":[35],"Recently":[36],"semi-":[37],"and":[38,43,82,100,140],"fully-automatic":[39],"methods":[40],"segmenting":[44],"have":[47],"been":[48],"proposed":[49,119,124],"in":[50],"literature.":[52],"Our":[53,126],"paper":[54],"proposes":[55],"fully":[57],"automatic":[58],"method":[59,95,120],"intra-retinal":[61],"cyst":[62],"segmentation":[63],"using":[64,79],"marker":[65],"controlled":[66],"watershed":[67,89],"transform":[68,90],"on":[69,73,102],"B-scan":[70],"obtained":[72,78,110,151],"scanning.":[75],"Markers":[76],"are":[77],"k-means":[80],"clustering":[81],"used":[83],"sources":[85],"topographical":[87],"based":[88],"final":[92],"segmentation.":[93],"Proposed":[94],"was":[96],"evaluated":[97],"both":[98],"quantitatively":[99],"qualitatively":[101],"Optima":[103],"Cyst":[104],"Challenge":[105],"dataset":[106],"against":[107],"ground":[108,149],"truth":[109,150],"from":[111,152],"two":[112,153],"graders.":[113,154],"Experimental":[114],"results":[115],"show":[116],"that":[117],"outperformed":[121],"other":[122],"recently":[123],"methods.":[125],"algorithm":[127],"achieved":[128],"recall":[130],"rate":[131,137,145],"82%":[133],"while":[134],"preserving":[135],"precision":[136],"77%,":[139],"gave":[141],"higher":[143],"correlation":[144],"96%":[147],"with":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
