{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2534056612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7590923","title":"A new hybrid watermarking algorithm for MRI medical images using DWT and hash functions","display_name":"A new hybrid watermarking algorithm for MRI medical images using DWT and hash functions","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2534056612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7590923","mag":"2534056612","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268543"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7590923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7590923","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015357458","display_name":"Fatma Taher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8358-9081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F. Taher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111623422","display_name":"Alavi Kunhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Kunhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013850016","display_name":"Hussain Al-Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-5476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. AlAhmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015357458"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.668,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77575646,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"1212","last_page":"1215"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.9110580086708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.7394501566886902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6582952737808228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.6375157833099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6184303164482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.6173558235168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5426055192947388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.5177330374717712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4739511013031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.4706888496875763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.466337651014328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46259111166000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.44603872299194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4229838252067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37981611490249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22336402535438538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09427416324615479}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.9110580086708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.7394501566886902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6582952737808228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.6375157833099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6184303164482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154579607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3373850","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","level":3,"score":0.6173558235168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5426055192947388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.5177330374717712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4739511013031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4706888496875763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.466337651014328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46259111166000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44603872299194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4229838252067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37981611490249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22336402535438538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09427416324615479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7590923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7590923","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:28268543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28268543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511960363","https://openalex.org/W2011499202","https://openalex.org/W2060791814","https://openalex.org/W2153564033","https://openalex.org/W2172005990"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2080353903","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"deals":[2],"with":[3],"a":[4,120],"blind":[5],"hybrid":[6,113],"digital":[7],"watermarking":[8,23,114],"algorithm":[9,54],"for":[10,58,65],"the":[11,32,37,46,59,67,70,73,82,94,106],"copyright":[12],"protection":[13,61],"and":[14,43,62,86,93,102,126,134],"authentication":[15],"of":[16,84,88,108,122],"magnetic":[17],"resonance":[18],"tomography":[19],"images.":[20],"Medical":[21],"image":[22,38,75],"requires":[24],"extreme":[25],"care":[26],"when":[27],"embedding":[28],"watermark":[29,57],"information":[30],"in":[31,98,105],"medical":[33,74,124],"images,":[34],"to":[35,44,131],"protect":[36],"quality":[39],"from":[40],"being":[41],"violated":[42],"avoid":[45],"wrong":[47],"diagnosis":[48],"that":[49],"might":[50],"occur.":[51],"The":[52,111],"proposed":[53,71,112],"contains":[55],"robust":[56],"ownership":[60],"fragile":[63],"watermarks":[64,95],"checking":[66],"authenticity.":[68],"In":[69],"algorithm,":[72],"is":[76],"divided":[77],"into":[78],"two":[79],"regions,":[80],"called":[81],"Region":[83,87,107],"Interest":[85],"Non-Interest":[89,109],"using":[90],"histogram":[91],"technique":[92,115],"are":[96],"embedded":[97],"both":[99],"wavelet":[100],"domain":[101,104],"spatial":[103],"Area.":[110],"was":[116],"successfully":[117],"tested":[118],"on":[119],"variety":[121],"MRI":[123],"images":[125],"offerd":[127],"high":[128],"peak":[129],"signal":[130],"noise":[132],"ratio":[133],"similarity":[135],"structure":[136],"index":[137],"measure":[138],"values.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}