{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2224049904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319793","title":"Bayesian fusion of algorithms for the robust estimation of respiratory rate from the photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Bayesian fusion of algorithms for the robust estimation of respiratory rate from the photoplethysmogram","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2224049904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319793","mag":"2224049904","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26737693"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7319793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319793","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055850985","display_name":"Tingting Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1552-5630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043870720","display_name":"Marco A. F. Pimentel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco A. F. Pimentel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048842509","display_name":"Gari D. Clifford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-201X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gari D. Clifford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering, Emory University & Georgia Institute of Technology, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering, Emory University & Georgia Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040302008","display_name":"David A. Clifton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9848-8555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Clifton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055850985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8176,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84753322,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2015","issue":null,"first_page":"6138","last_page":"6141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.8442593812942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7682660818099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6618603467941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5597206354141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.5147488117218018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-rate","display_name":"Respiratory rate","score":0.5139052867889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46059927344322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.45410311222076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.391991525888443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32955583930015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.14241018891334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12704923748970032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.119985431432724}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.8442593812942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7682660818099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6618603467941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5597206354141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.5147488117218018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8213797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754250","display_name":"Respiratory rate","level":4,"score":0.5139052867889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46059927344322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.45410311222076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.391991525888443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32955583930015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.14241018891334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12704923748970032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.119985431432724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001785","descriptor_name":"Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001785","descriptor_name":"Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001785","descriptor_name":"Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056152","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056152","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056152","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7319793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319793","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:26737693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26737693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:c32ba168-e951-4cdd-8a2d-934f26fd4168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c32ba168-e951-4cdd-8a2d-934f26fd4168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements at Oxford","raw_type":"Conference"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5048751664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/G036861/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320240","funder_display_name":"Research Councils UK"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0526snb40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320240","display_name":"Research Councils UK","ror":"https://ror.org/00dq2kk65"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335172","display_name":"Balliol College, University of Oxford","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9014458","https://openalex.org/W384778496","https://openalex.org/W2022781870","https://openalex.org/W2069636918","https://openalex.org/W2078949921","https://openalex.org/W2097344734","https://openalex.org/W2124106073","https://openalex.org/W2134305421","https://openalex.org/W2139293067","https://openalex.org/W2937543702","https://openalex.org/W3099601712","https://openalex.org/W6679959949","https://openalex.org/W6761898732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989270564","https://openalex.org/W2294459407","https://openalex.org/W1930005563","https://openalex.org/W4395698635","https://openalex.org/W4367040707","https://openalex.org/W2970617416","https://openalex.org/W2323865216","https://openalex.org/W2936194951","https://openalex.org/W2124106073","https://openalex.org/W2137633301"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Respiratory":[0],"rate":[1,294],"(RR)":[2],"is":[3,9,27,31,125,137],"a":[4,34,59,77,121,219,286],"key":[5],"vital":[6],"sign":[7],"that":[8,29,67,124,162,265],"monitored":[10],"to":[11,80,89,151,174,187,198,273,284],"assess":[12],"the":[13,18,21,40,65,82,91,95,101,109,131,140,143,176,188,193,199,246,253,266,282,292],"health":[14],"of":[15,20,23,53,61,84,94,103,119,130,178,201,222,291],"patients.":[16],"With":[17],"increase":[19],"availability":[22],"wearable":[24],"devices,":[25],"it":[26],"important":[28],"RR":[30,55,86,111,156,275],"extracted":[32],"in":[33,64,72,113,139,160,218,295],"robust":[35,289],"and":[36,47,106,210,252,288],"noninvasive":[37,54],"manner":[38],"from":[39,44,58,192,277,281],"photoplethysmogram":[41],"(PPG)":[42],"acquired":[43],"pulse":[45],"oximeters":[46],"similar":[48],"devices.":[49],"However,":[50],"existing":[51],"methods":[52],"estimation":[56,87,290],"suffer":[57],"lack":[60],"robustness,":[62],"resulting":[63,96,159],"fact":[66],"they":[68],"are":[69],"not":[70],"used":[71,173,272],"clinical":[73,166],"practice.":[74,167],"We":[75,263],"propose":[76],"Bayesian":[78],"approach":[79,136],"fusing":[81,204,230],"outputs":[83],"many":[85],"algorithms":[88,132,154],"improve":[90],"overall":[92],"robustness":[93],"estimates.":[97],"Our":[98,182,214],"method":[99],"estimates":[100,276],"accuracy":[102],"each":[104],"algorithm":[105,191,249,255],"jointly":[107],"infers":[108],"fused":[110,122],"estimate":[112,123],"an":[114,296],"unsupervised":[115,297],"manner,":[116],"with":[117,259],"aim":[118],"producing":[120],"more":[126],"accurate":[127],"than":[128],"any":[129],"taken":[133],"individually.":[134],"This":[135],"novel":[138],"literature,":[141,194],"where":[142],"latter":[144],"has":[145],"so":[146],"far":[147],"concentrated":[148],"on":[149],"attempting":[150],"produce":[152],"single":[153,248],"for":[155,257],"estimation,":[157],"without":[158],"systems":[161],"have":[163],"penetrated":[164],"into":[165],"A":[168],"publicly-available":[169],"dataset,":[170],"Capnobase,":[171],"was":[172,185],"validate":[175],"performance":[177],"our":[179],"proposed":[180,183,215,256,267],"model.":[181],"methodology":[184,216,269],"compared":[186],"best-performing":[189],"individual":[190],"as":[195,197,207],"well":[196],"results":[200],"using":[202],"common":[203],"methodologies":[205],"such":[206],"averaging,":[208],"median,":[209],"maximum":[211],"likelihood":[212],"(ML).":[213],"resulted":[217],"mean-absolute-error":[220],"(MAE)":[221],"1.98":[223],"breaths":[224],"per":[225],"minute":[226],"(bpm),":[227],"outperformed":[228,245],"other":[229],"strategies":[231],"(mean":[232],"fusion:":[233,237],"2.95":[234],"bpm;":[235,239],"median":[236],"2.33":[238],"ML:":[240],"2.30":[241],"bpm).":[242,262],"It":[243],"also":[244],"best":[247],"(2.39":[250],"bpm)":[251],"benchmark":[254],"use":[258],"Capnobase":[260],"(2.22":[261],"conclude":[264],"fusion":[268],"can":[270],"be":[271],"combine":[274],"multiple":[278],"sources":[279],"derived":[280],"PPG,":[283],"infer":[285],"reliable":[287],"respiratory":[293],"manner.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
