{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2227998187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319429","title":"Bimanual elbow exoskeleton: Force based protocol and rehabilitation quantification","display_name":"Bimanual elbow exoskeleton: Force based protocol and rehabilitation quantification","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2227998187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319429","mag":"2227998187","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26737329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7319429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319429","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075205632","display_name":"Nezam Alavi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1516879","display_name":"Tarbiat Modares University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mwgfy56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Alavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030030794","display_name":"Gil Herrnstadt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1516879","display_name":"Tarbiat Modares University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mwgfy56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Herrnstadt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1516879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051789240","display_name":"Bubblepreet Kaur Randhawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.K. Randhawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088911615","display_name":"Lara A. Boyd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2828-4549"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L.A. Boyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021515928","display_name":"Carlo Menon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2309-9977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Menon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5927,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7220339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"129","issue":null,"first_page":"4643","last_page":"4646"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.8282420635223389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7112485766410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powered-exoskeleton","display_name":"Powered exoskeleton","score":0.7066313028335571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.6210407614707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.6031372547149658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elbow","display_name":"Elbow","score":0.5945395231246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5738239288330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.47110703587532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4615362584590912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation-robotics","display_name":"Rehabilitation robotics","score":0.4577660858631134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","score":0.42188510298728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.390191912651062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3627937138080597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2562408447265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.2532850205898285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2484244704246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1850200593471527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.0839853286743164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.8282420635223389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7112485766410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45391945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938523","display_name":"Powered exoskeleton","level":3,"score":0.7066313028335571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.6210407614707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.6031372547149658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781184374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586","display_name":"Elbow","level":2,"score":0.5945395231246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5738239288330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.47110703587532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4615362584590912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775862927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7309766","display_name":"Rehabilitation robotics","level":3,"score":0.4577660858631134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.42188510298728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.390191912651062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3627937138080597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2562408447265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.2532850205898285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2484244704246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1850200593471527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0839853286743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004550","descriptor_name":"Elbow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004550","descriptor_name":"Elbow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004550","descriptor_name":"Elbow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004551","descriptor_name":"Elbow Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004551","descriptor_name":"Elbow Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004551","descriptor_name":"Elbow Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7319429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319429","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:26737329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26737329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W305219788","https://openalex.org/W1964390201","https://openalex.org/W1984527044","https://openalex.org/W1992343783","https://openalex.org/W2012834211","https://openalex.org/W2022787437","https://openalex.org/W2035580247","https://openalex.org/W2039720802","https://openalex.org/W2056277131","https://openalex.org/W2073246877","https://openalex.org/W2073575556","https://openalex.org/W2083683919","https://openalex.org/W2085552944","https://openalex.org/W2098419803","https://openalex.org/W2111004112","https://openalex.org/W2134730834","https://openalex.org/W2143541822","https://openalex.org/W2144682827","https://openalex.org/W2157221077","https://openalex.org/W2157266565","https://openalex.org/W2164938691","https://openalex.org/W6610798190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989011507","https://openalex.org/W2908002960","https://openalex.org/W2808226217","https://openalex.org/W2015794229","https://openalex.org/W2893851384","https://openalex.org/W2780323031","https://openalex.org/W2753647732","https://openalex.org/W4388283394","https://openalex.org/W2120000215","https://openalex.org/W4200213857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"aging":[1],"population,":[2],"along":[3],"with":[4,27,43],"the":[5,21,33,46,81,90,115,122,131],"increase":[6,19],"in":[7,29],"cardiovascular":[8],"disease":[9],"incidence":[10],"that":[11,99],"accompanies":[12],"this":[13],"demographic":[14],"shift,":[15],"is":[16,86,108,124],"likely":[17],"to":[18,88,134],"both":[20,139],"economic":[22],"and":[23,41],"medical":[24],"burden":[25],"associated":[26],"stroke":[28],"western":[30],"societies.":[31],"Rehabilitation,":[32],"standard":[34],"treatment":[35],"for":[36,66],"stroke,":[37],"can":[38],"be":[39],"expanded":[40],"augmented":[42],"state":[44],"of":[45,83,92,144],"art":[47],"technologies,":[48],"such":[49],"as":[50,119,136],"robotic":[51],"therapy.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"expands":[55],"upon":[56],"a":[57,61,70,120,137],"recent":[58],"work":[59],"involving":[60],"force-feedback":[62],"master-slave":[63],"bimanual":[64],"exoskeleton":[65],"elbow":[67],"rehabilitation,":[68],"named":[69],"Bimanual":[71],"Wearable":[72],"Robotic":[73],"Device":[74],"(BWRD).":[75],"Elbow":[76],"force":[77],"data":[78],"acquired":[79],"during":[80],"execution":[82],"custom":[84],"tasks":[85,98],"analyzed":[87],"demonstrate":[89],"feasibility":[91],"tracking":[93],"patient":[94],"progress.":[95],"Two":[96],"training":[97],"focus":[100],"on":[101],"applied":[102],"forces":[103],"are":[104,147],"examined.":[105],"The":[106,142],"first":[107],"called":[109,125],"\"slave":[110],"arm":[111,127],"follow\",":[112],"which":[113,129],"uses":[114,130],"absolute":[116],"angular":[117],"impulse":[118],"metric;":[121],"second":[123],"\"conditional":[126],"static\",":[128],"rise":[132],"time":[133],"target":[135],"metric,":[138],"presented":[140],"here.":[141],"outcomes":[143],"these":[145],"metrics":[146],"observed":[148],"over":[149],"three":[150],"days.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}