{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2295967596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319208","title":"Implementation of smart phone video plethysmography and dependence on lighting parameters","display_name":"Implementation of smart phone video plethysmography and dependence on lighting parameters","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2295967596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319208","mag":"2295967596","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26737108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7319208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319208","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065184377","display_name":"R. Fletcher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8470-8417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard Ribon Fletcher","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062524755","display_name":"Daniel Chamberlain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Chamberlain","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006000454","display_name":"Nicholas Paggi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Paggi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101485124","display_name":"Xinyue Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6641-8317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyue Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065184377"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5311,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68439652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2015","issue":null,"first_page":"3747","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7036232352256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.5820964574813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.5626022815704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4895666539669037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.4874718189239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.44163021445274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.37503498792648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3660157322883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09805256128311157}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7036232352256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.5820964574813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.5626022815704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4895666539669037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.4874718189239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.44163021445274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.37503498792648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3660157322883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09805256128311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008029","descriptor_name":"Lighting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008029","descriptor_name":"Lighting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008029","descriptor_name":"Lighting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010991","descriptor_name":"Plethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010991","descriptor_name":"Plethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010991","descriptor_name":"Plethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7319208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319208","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:26737108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26737108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601553748","https://openalex.org/W1971882374","https://openalex.org/W1984554603","https://openalex.org/W2013294521","https://openalex.org/W2044935899","https://openalex.org/W2069692225"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387055199","https://openalex.org/W2313061941","https://openalex.org/W1003800352","https://openalex.org/W1953485902","https://openalex.org/W2588661485","https://openalex.org/W2052546562","https://openalex.org/W2605640648","https://openalex.org/W3175896399","https://openalex.org/W2126198268","https://openalex.org/W4281256161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"remote":[1,119],"measurement":[2],"of":[3,23,35,87,108,117,143,196,216,253,260],"heart":[4,8],"rate":[5,9,210],"(HR)":[6],"and":[7,28,70,97,100,149,152,172,181,200,218,256],"variability":[10,62,217],"(HRV)":[11],"via":[12],"a":[13,32,54,82,213,250],"digital":[14],"camera":[15,208],"(video":[16],"plethysmography)":[17],"has":[18,49],"emerged":[19],"as":[20,212],"an":[21,257],"area":[22],"great":[24],"interest":[25],"for":[26,90,133,188],"biomedical":[27],"health":[29],"applications.":[30],"While":[31],"few":[33],"implementations":[34],"video":[36,88,136],"plethysmography":[37,89,137],"have":[38],"been":[39,50],"demonstrated":[40],"on":[41,114,234],"smart":[42,64,84],"phones":[43],"under":[44,139,194],"controlled":[45],"lighting":[46,75,109,144,175],"conditions,":[47],"it":[48],"challenging":[51],"to":[52,59,74,104,165,177],"create":[53],"general":[55],"scalable":[56],"solution":[57],"due":[58],"the":[60,71,106,115,118,129,161,168,173,246],"large":[61],"in":[63,154,167],"phone":[65,85,125,222],"hardware":[66],"performance,":[67],"software":[68],"architecture,":[69],"variable":[72],"response":[73],"parameters.":[76],"In":[77],"this":[78,103,225],"context,":[79],"we":[80,101,127,159],"present":[81,128],"selfcontained":[83],"implementation":[86,243],"Android":[91,242],"OS,":[92],"which":[93],"employs":[94],"both":[95],"stochastic":[96],"deterministic":[98],"algorithms,":[99,158],"use":[102],"study":[105],"effect":[107],"parameters":[110],"(illuminance,":[111],"color":[112],"spectrum)":[113],"accuracy":[116],"HR":[120,131,248],"measurement.":[121],"Using":[122],"two":[123],"different":[124,135,141,221],"models,":[126,223],"median":[130,251],"error":[132,219,252],"five":[134],"algorithms":[138,190],"three":[140],"types":[142,176],"(natural":[145],"sunlight,":[146],"compact":[147,179],"fluorescent,":[148],"halogen":[150],"incandescent)":[151],"variations":[153],"brightness.":[155],"For":[156],"most":[157,189],"found":[160,187],"optimum":[162,174],"light":[163],"brightness":[164],"be":[166,178,227],"range":[169,259],"1000-4000":[170],"lux":[171],"fluorescent":[180],"natural":[182],"light.":[183],"Moderate":[184],"errors":[185],"were":[186],"with":[191,236,249],"some":[192],"devices":[193],"conditions":[195],"low-brightness":[197],"(<;500":[198],"lux)":[199],"highbrightness":[201],"(>4000":[202],"lux).":[203],"Our":[204],"analysis":[205],"also":[206],"identified":[207],"frame":[209],"jitter":[211],"major":[214],"source":[215],"across":[220],"but":[224],"can":[226],"largely":[228],"corrected":[229],"through":[230],"non-linear":[231],"resampling.":[232],"Based":[233],"testing":[235],"six":[237],"human":[238],"subjects,":[239],"our":[240],"real-time":[241],"successfully":[244],"predicted":[245],"measured":[247],"-0.31":[254],"bpm,":[255],"inter-quartile":[258],"2.1bpm.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}