{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2294266718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7318864","title":"MICROST: A mixed approach for heart rate monitoring during intensive physical exercise using wrist-type PPG Signals","display_name":"MICROST: A mixed approach for heart rate monitoring during intensive physical exercise using wrist-type PPG Signals","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2294266718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7318864","mag":"2294266718","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26736764"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7318864","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7318864","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082952535","display_name":"Shilin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0171-6727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058209019","display_name":"Ke Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5073-8060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390702","display_name":"Xinyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6234-6467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415078","display_name":"Zhiqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7360-7725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100395468","display_name":"Bin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0956-2777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5871,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98723696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2015","issue":null,"first_page":"2347","last_page":"2350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6838103532791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.6224727630615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.6212528347969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.547844409942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beat","display_name":"Beat (acoustics)","score":0.4848521947860718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wrist","display_name":"Wrist","score":0.4616798758506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.4494641423225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-beat","display_name":"Heart beat","score":0.4448681175708771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.44228148460388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4225867986679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4222135543823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.30287593603134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12932699918746948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"Blood pressure","score":0.08494308590888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.07328850030899048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6838103532791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.6224727630615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.6212528347969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.547844409942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189809214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829522","display_name":"Beat (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.4848521947860718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778216619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185706","display_name":"Wrist","level":2,"score":0.4616798758506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.4494641423225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982892191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253408","display_name":"Heart beat","level":2,"score":0.4448681175708771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.44228148460388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4225867986679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4222135543823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.30287593603134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12932699918746948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.08494308590888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.07328850030899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012420","descriptor_name":"Running","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012420","descriptor_name":"Running","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012420","descriptor_name":"Running","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018670","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Ambulatory","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018670","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Ambulatory","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018670","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Ambulatory","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7318864","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7318864","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:26736764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26736764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005741801","https://openalex.org/W2031778519","https://openalex.org/W2078592335","https://openalex.org/W2096467866","https://openalex.org/W2101394537","https://openalex.org/W2103675325","https://openalex.org/W2115093732","https://openalex.org/W2117987876","https://openalex.org/W2143428794"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2416864232","https://openalex.org/W3004551457","https://openalex.org/W2144144167","https://openalex.org/W2022012065","https://openalex.org/W2031066127","https://openalex.org/W3023842728","https://openalex.org/W569557334","https://openalex.org/W2618037398","https://openalex.org/W4300025576","https://openalex.org/W2092720438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,66],"performance":[1],"of":[2,38,41,77,104,124,140],"heart":[3,59,105,125],"rate":[4,60,106,126],"(HR)":[5],"monitoring":[6],"using":[7,88],"wrist-type":[8],"photoplethysmographic":[9],"(PPG)":[10],"signals":[11],"is":[12,69],"strongly":[13],"influenced":[14],"by":[15],"motion":[16],"artifacts":[17],"(MAs),":[18],"since":[19],"the":[20,100,115,119,122,138],"intensive":[21,97],"physical":[22],"exercises":[23],"are":[24],"common":[25],"in":[26,133,146],"real":[27,134],"world.":[28],"Few":[29],"works":[30],"focus":[31],"on":[32,62],"this":[33,46],"study":[34],"so":[35],"far":[36],"because":[37],"unsatisfying":[39],"quality":[40],"corrupted":[42],"PPG":[43],"signals.":[44],"In":[45],"paper,":[47],"we":[48],"propose":[49],"an":[50],"accurate":[51],"and":[52,83,96,114,121],"efficient":[53],"strategy,":[54],"named":[55],"MICROST,":[56],"which":[57,75],"estimates":[58,120],"based":[61],"a":[63,72],"mixed":[64],"approach.":[65],"MICROST":[67],"framework":[68],"designed":[70],"as":[71,144],"MIxed":[73],"algorithm":[74],"consists":[76],"acceleration":[78],"Classification":[79],"(AC),":[80],"fiRst-frame":[81],"prOcessing":[82],"heuriStic":[84],"Tracking.":[85],"Experimental":[86],"results":[87],"recordings":[89],"from":[90],"12":[91],"subjects":[92],"during":[93],"fast":[94],"running":[95],"movement":[98],"showed":[99],"average":[101],"absolute":[102],"error":[103],"estimation":[107],"was":[108,127],"2.58":[109],"beat":[110],"per":[111],"minute":[112],"(BPM),":[113],"Pearson":[116],"correlation":[117],"between":[118],"ground-truth":[123],"0.988.":[128],"We":[129],"discuss":[130],"our":[131],"approach":[132],"time":[135],"to":[136],"face":[137],"applications":[139],"wearable":[141],"devices":[142],"such":[143],"smart-watches":[145],"reality.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}