{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2230701154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7318412","title":"Classification of driver fatigue in an electroencephalography-based countermeasure system with source separation module","display_name":"Classification of driver fatigue in an electroencephalography-based countermeasure system with source separation module","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2230701154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7318412","mag":"2230701154","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26736312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7318412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7318412","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/37685/2/EMBC15_0252_FI.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018877662","display_name":"Rifai Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1922-7024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rifai Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029523168","display_name":"Ganesh R. Naik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1790-9838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ganesh R. Naik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040544025","display_name":"Yvonne Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1741-4205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097193","display_name":"Technologies pour la Sant\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/012hpz460","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4210097193"]}],"countries":["AU","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yvonne Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Centre for Health Technologies, The University of Sydney"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Centre for Health Technologies, The University of Sydney","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097193","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079852457","display_name":"Sai Ho Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0849-5098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai Ho Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051531420","display_name":"Ashley Craig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7647-7604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashley Craig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716476","display_name":"Hung T. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3373-8178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hung T. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.618,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85146185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2015","issue":null,"first_page":"514","last_page":"517"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7426472306251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5846218466758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5786223411560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5598115921020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5012016296386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"Independent component analysis","score":0.4948863387107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.45388466119766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4467226266860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separator","display_name":"Separator (oil production)","score":0.43030211329460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4110044538974762}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7426472306251526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5846218466758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5786223411560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5598115921020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5012016296386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.4948863387107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.45388466119766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4467226266860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185004128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3011536","display_name":"Separator (oil production)","level":2,"score":0.43030211329460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4110044538974762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005221","descriptor_name":"Fatigue","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005221","descriptor_name":"Fatigue","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005221","descriptor_name":"Fatigue","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7318412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7318412","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:26736312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26736312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/37685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/37685","pdf_url":"https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/37685/2/EMBC15_0252_FI.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchbank.swinburne.edu.au:2dbd04ea-3436-4af6-b322-86f2c34abc79/1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/440681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401157","display_name":"Swinburne Research Bank (Swinburne University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","host_organization_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS 2015), Milan, Italy, 25-29 August 2015, Vol. 2015-November, pp. 514-517","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/37685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/37685","pdf_url":"https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/37685/2/EMBC15_0252_FI.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2230701154.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2230701154.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574830153","https://openalex.org/W1974687042","https://openalex.org/W1978347377","https://openalex.org/W1980643059","https://openalex.org/W2001338951","https://openalex.org/W2024509615","https://openalex.org/W2037768463","https://openalex.org/W2040776814","https://openalex.org/W2043133488","https://openalex.org/W2069032590","https://openalex.org/W2093313017","https://openalex.org/W2117100955","https://openalex.org/W2125087714","https://openalex.org/W2139021468","https://openalex.org/W2149407814","https://openalex.org/W4211026550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249175327","https://openalex.org/W2121429698","https://openalex.org/W2182042810","https://openalex.org/W4252230435","https://openalex.org/W55679925","https://openalex.org/W3080404860","https://openalex.org/W2046761971","https://openalex.org/W3144722888","https://openalex.org/W2089650474","https://openalex.org/W2364896863"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0,43],"electroencephalography":[1],"(EEG)-based":[2],"counter":[3],"measure":[4],"device":[5],"could":[6],"be":[7],"used":[8],"for":[9,61],"fatigue":[10,20,62],"detection":[11],"during":[12],"driving.":[13],"This":[14],"paper":[15],"explores":[16],"the":[17,70,89,92,117],"classification":[18,63,71],"of":[19,47,69,73,91,100,104,109,119,129,133,138],"and":[21,33,106,135],"alert":[22],"states":[23],"using":[24,64],"power":[25],"spectral":[26],"density":[27],"(PSD)":[28],"as":[29,40,55],"a":[30,41,56,102,120,131],"feature":[31],"extractor":[32],"fuzzy":[34],"swarm":[35],"based-artificial":[36],"neural":[37],"network":[38],"(ANN)":[39],"classifier.":[42],"independent":[44],"component":[45],"analysis":[46],"entropy":[48],"rate":[49],"bound":[50],"minimization":[51],"(ICA-ERBM)":[52],"is":[53,80],"investigated":[54],"novel":[57],"source":[58,74,78,93,121],"separation":[59],"technique":[60],"EEG":[65],"analysis.":[66],"A":[67],"comparison":[68],"accuracy":[72,108,137],"separator":[75,79,94,122],"versus":[76],"no":[77],"presented.":[81],"Classification":[82],"performance":[83],"based":[84],"on":[85],"43":[86],"participants":[87],"without":[88],"inclusion":[90,118],"resulted":[95],"in":[96,125],"an":[97,107,126,136],"overall":[98,127],"sensitivity":[99,128],"71.67%,":[101],"specificity":[103,132],"75.63%":[105],"73.65%.":[110],"However,":[111],"these":[112],"results":[113],"were":[114],"improved":[115],"after":[116],"module,":[123],"resulting":[124],"78.16%,":[130],"79.60%":[134],"78.88%":[139],"(p":[140],"<;":[141],"0.05).":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}