{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2012212590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944847","title":"Peak misdetection in heart-beat-based security: Characterization and tolerance","display_name":"Peak misdetection in heart-beat-based security: Characterization and tolerance","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2012212590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944847","mag":"2012212590","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25571215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944847","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007409439","display_name":"Robert M. Seepers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9510-7323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert M. Seepers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","[Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077785373","display_name":"Christos Strydis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-9322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Strydis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","[Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004222325","display_name":"Pedro Peris\u2010Lopez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6943-0760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Peris-Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","Department of Computer Science, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid , Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid , Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087174287","display_name":"Ioannis Sourdis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0452-3664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Sourdis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","[Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033643407","display_name":"Chris I. De Zeeuw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5628-8187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris I. De Zeeuw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","[Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007409439"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79926198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"5401","last_page":"5405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6834056377410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-beat","display_name":"Heart beat","score":0.5371831655502319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5049627423286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beat","display_name":"Beat (acoustics)","score":0.42407748103141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.15807917714118958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.09332165122032166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08413377404212952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6834056377410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982892191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253408","display_name":"Heart beat","level":2,"score":0.5371831655502319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5049627423286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189809214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829522","display_name":"Beat (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.42407748103141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.15807917714118958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09332165122032166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08413377404212952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017216","descriptor_name":"Telemedicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017216","descriptor_name":"Telemedicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017216","descriptor_name":"Telemedicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944847","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:25571215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25571215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:eur:oai:pure.eur.nl:publications/64da7ea9-c3dc-4b86-9fef-2ae3c1e5aa51","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/64da7ea9-c3dc-4b86-9fef-2ae3c1e5aa51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2014, 5401 - 5405","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"},{"id":"pmh:knaw:oai:pure.knaw.nl:publications/0130f4f8-200c-497d-8b50-1a369dfd1a05","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.knaw.nl/portal/en/publications/0130f4f8-200c-497d-8b50-1a369dfd1a05","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2014, 5401 - 5. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.696.9978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.696.9978","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://lightweightcryptography.com/wp-content/papercite-data/pdf/c30sspsz2014.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.lib.chalmers.se:218386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/publication/218386-peak-misdetection-in-heart-beat-based-security-characterization-and-tolerance","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196470","display_name":"Chalmers Publication Library (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text.Article.Conference.PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.knaw.nl:openaire_cris_publications/0130f4f8-200c-497d-8b50-1a369dfd1a05","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11755/0130f4f8-200c-497d-8b50-1a369dfd1a05","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401286","display_name":"KNAW research portal (Royal Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Seepers, R M, Strydis, C, Peris-Lopez, P, Sourdis, I & De Zeeuw, C I 2014, 'Peak misdetection in heart-beat-based security : Characterization and tolerance', Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, vol. 2014, pp. 5401-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2014.6944847","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:218386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/218386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130848762","https://openalex.org/W1976121528","https://openalex.org/W1976741807","https://openalex.org/W1985356182","https://openalex.org/W1986958759","https://openalex.org/W2005541978","https://openalex.org/W2011445508","https://openalex.org/W2032719203","https://openalex.org/W2073806155","https://openalex.org/W2095409369","https://openalex.org/W2122235704","https://openalex.org/W2140184559","https://openalex.org/W2152702278","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2570008916","https://openalex.org/W6605345177","https://openalex.org/W6646450615","https://openalex.org/W6681076463","https://openalex.org/W6681749759","https://openalex.org/W6682865039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2416864232","https://openalex.org/W2144144167","https://openalex.org/W2022012065","https://openalex.org/W2031066127","https://openalex.org/W3023842728","https://openalex.org/W569557334","https://openalex.org/W2618037398","https://openalex.org/W4300025576","https://openalex.org/W2092720438","https://openalex.org/W625826815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Inter-Pulse-Interval":[1],"(IPI)":[2],"of":[3,48,58,76,83,139,153],"heart":[4,34,141],"beats":[5],"has":[6],"previously":[7],"been":[8],"suggested":[9],"for":[10],"security":[11,26,47,60,81,105,161],"in":[12,65,104,137],"mobile":[13],"health":[14],"(mHealth)":[15],"applications.":[16],"In":[17,69],"IPI-based":[18,59,84],"security,":[19],"secure":[20],"communication":[21],"is":[22,54,87],"facilitated":[23],"through":[24],"a":[25,55,66,92,101,154],"key":[27],"derived":[28],"from":[29],"the":[30,44,74,80,151,160],"time":[31],"difference":[32],"between":[33,97],"beats.":[35],"However,":[36],"there":[37],"currently":[38],"exists":[39],"no":[40],"work":[41],"which":[42,149],"considers":[43],"effect":[45,152],"on":[46,79],"imperfect":[49,140],"heart-beat":[50],"(peak)":[51],"detection.":[52,119,143],"This":[53],"crucial":[56],"aspect":[57],"and":[61,99,112,158],"likely":[62],"to":[63,115,165],"happen":[64],"real":[67],"system.":[68],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"we":[72,145],"evaluate":[73],"effects":[75],"peak":[77,94,118,157],"misdetection":[78],"performance":[82,106,162],"security.":[85],"It":[86],"shown":[88],"that":[89,122],"even":[90],"with":[91],"high":[93],"detection":[95],"rate":[96],"99.9%":[98],"99.0%,":[100],"significant":[102],"drop":[103],"may":[107],"be":[108],"observed":[109],"(between":[110],"-70%":[111],"-303%)":[113],"compared":[114],"having":[116],"perfect":[117],"We":[120],"show":[121],"authenticating":[123],"using":[124],"smaller":[125],"keys":[126,130],"yields":[127],"both":[128],"stronger":[129],"as":[131,133],"well":[132],"potentially":[134],"faster":[135],"authentication":[136],"case":[138],"beat":[142],"Finally,":[144],"present":[146],"an":[147],"algorithm":[148],"tolerates":[150],"single":[155],"misdetected":[156],"increases":[159],"by":[163],"up":[164],"155%.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}