{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2324934596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944820","title":"Feasibility of a bimanual, lever-driven wheelchair for people with severe arm impairment after stroke","display_name":"Feasibility of a bimanual, lever-driven wheelchair for people with severe arm impairment after stroke","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2324934596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944820","mag":"2324934596","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25571188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944820","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078568142","display_name":"Brendan W. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5314-9293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brendan W. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042472237","display_name":"Daniel K. Zondervan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel K. Zondervan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014770656","display_name":"Thomas J. Lord","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas J. Lord","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108675287","display_name":"Vicky Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2791-9001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vicky Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012347119","display_name":"David J. Reinkensmeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3196-8706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Reinkensmeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078568142"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.83231772,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81793944,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":null,"first_page":"5292","last_page":"5295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.7686646580696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheelchair","display_name":"Wheelchair","score":0.6825751662254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-impairment","display_name":"Motor impairment","score":0.6570209264755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","score":0.6527411341667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lever","display_name":"Lever","score":0.4894379675388336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-tone","display_name":"Muscle tone","score":0.44091683626174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propulsion","display_name":"Propulsion","score":0.43697959184646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.4351498782634735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.41960498690605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.40486931800842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.27265411615371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13083675503730774}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.7686646580696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781042323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191931","display_name":"Wheelchair","level":2,"score":0.6825751662254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989058681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1179623","display_name":"Motor impairment","level":2,"score":0.6570209264755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.6527411341667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107524782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40164","display_name":"Lever","level":2,"score":0.4894379675388336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781375409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147377","display_name":"Muscle tone","level":2,"score":0.44091683626174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.43697959184646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4351498782634735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.41960498690605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40486931800842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27265411615371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13083675503730774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001132","descriptor_name":"Arm","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005240","descriptor_name":"Feasibility Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014910","descriptor_name":"Wheelchairs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001132","descriptor_name":"Arm","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005240","descriptor_name":"Feasibility Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014910","descriptor_name":"Wheelchairs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001132","descriptor_name":"Arm","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005240","descriptor_name":"Feasibility Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014910","descriptor_name":"Wheelchairs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944820","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:25571188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25571188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982413542","https://openalex.org/W2027614013","https://openalex.org/W2044702846","https://openalex.org/W2074910710","https://openalex.org/W2079975632","https://openalex.org/W2089690763","https://openalex.org/W2114935001","https://openalex.org/W2134296293","https://openalex.org/W2147565984","https://openalex.org/W3028056536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4378364071","https://openalex.org/W2399287283","https://openalex.org/W1998563140","https://openalex.org/W2742303892","https://openalex.org/W2724219770","https://openalex.org/W2319849381","https://openalex.org/W2065035327","https://openalex.org/W2718635042","https://openalex.org/W3208483585","https://openalex.org/W2012070191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Individuals":[0],"with":[1,30,43,75,112,134,148],"severe":[2,76],"arm":[3,46,77,157,164],"impairment":[4,78],"after":[5],"stroke":[6,65,135],"are":[7,36],"thought":[8],"to":[9,12,39,95],"be":[10],"unable":[11],"use":[13,137],"a":[14,41,49,106,113],"manual":[15],"wheelchair":[16,42,110,139],"in":[17],"the":[18,28,122,145,153],"conventional":[19],"bimanual":[20,138],"fashion,":[21],"because":[22],"they":[23,35,159],"cannot":[24],"grip":[25],"and":[26,47,55,70,88,115,151],"push":[27],"pushrim":[29],"their":[31,44],"impaired":[32],"hand.":[33],"Instead,":[34],"often":[37],"taught":[38],"propel":[40,96],"good":[45],"leg,":[48],"compensatory":[50],"strategy":[51],"that":[52,63,132],"encourages":[53],"disuse":[54],"may":[56,162],"cause":[57],"asymmetric":[58],"tone.":[59],"Here,":[60],"we":[61],"show":[62],"four":[64],"survivors":[66],"(9,":[67],"27":[68],"50":[69],"16":[71,87],"months":[72],"post":[73],"stroke)":[74],"(upper":[79],"extremity":[80],"Fugl":[81],"Meyer":[82],"scores":[83],"of":[84,90,155],"21,":[85],"17,":[86],"15":[89],"66":[91],"respectively)":[92],"were":[93],"able":[94],"themselves":[97],"overground":[98],"during":[99],"ten,":[100],"3.3":[101],"meter":[102],"movement":[103,165],"trials,":[104],"using":[105],"specially":[107],"designed":[108],"lever-driven":[109],"adapted":[111],"splint":[114],"elastic":[116],"bands.":[117],"Their":[118],"average":[119],"speed":[120],"on":[121],"tenth":[123],"trial":[124],"was":[125],"about":[126],"0.1":[127],"m/sec.":[128],"These":[129],"results":[130],"suggest":[131],"individuals":[133],"could":[136],"propulsion":[140,150],"for":[141],"mobility,":[142],"both":[143],"avoiding":[144],"problems":[146],"associated":[147],"good-arm/good-leg":[149],"increasing":[152],"number":[154],"daily":[156],"movements":[158],"achieve,":[160],"which":[161],"improve":[163],"recovery.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
