{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020760116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944605","title":"Design and analysis of a low actuation voltage electrowetting-on-dielectric microvalve for drug delivery applications","display_name":"Design and analysis of a low actuation voltage electrowetting-on-dielectric microvalve for drug delivery applications","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020760116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944605","mag":"2020760116","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25570973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944605","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Design_and_analysis_of_a_low_actuation_voltage_electrowetting-on-dielectric_microvalve_for_drug_delivery_applications/20908513","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069525703","display_name":"Mst. Fateha Samad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6872-0093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mst Fateha Samad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia","[School of Engineering Deakin University Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Engineering Deakin University Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088007702","display_name":"Abbas Z. Kouzani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6292-1214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Z. Kouzani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia","[School of Engineering Deakin University Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Engineering Deakin University Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069525703"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6372,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73262553,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2014","issue":null,"first_page":"4423","last_page":"4426"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11255","display_name":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrowetting","display_name":"Electrowetting","score":0.9253867864608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.8332518339157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.8091319799423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.5611605644226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","score":0.544122040271759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5394497513771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.538387656211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.537232518196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pullulan","display_name":"Pullulan","score":0.5305008888244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.47098562121391296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.4218883514404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3334975242614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1944158971309662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06564241647720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.06266844272613525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779673822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907239","display_name":"Electrowetting","level":3,"score":0.9253867864608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8332518339157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.8091319799423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5611605644226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.544122040271759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5394497513771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.538387656211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.537232518196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779257994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419779","display_name":"Pullulan","level":3,"score":0.5305008888244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.47098562121391296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.4218883514404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3334975242614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1944158971309662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06564241647720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.06266844272613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100817775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134219","display_name":"Polysaccharide","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002857","descriptor_name":"Chromium","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002857","descriptor_name":"Chromium","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002857","descriptor_name":"Chromium","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005465","descriptor_name":"Fluorocarbon Polymers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005898","descriptor_name":"Glass","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005898","descriptor_name":"Glass","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005898","descriptor_name":"Glass","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005936","descriptor_name":"Glucans","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005936","descriptor_name":"Glucans","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005936","descriptor_name":"Glucans","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011145","descriptor_name":"Polyvinyls","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011145","descriptor_name":"Polyvinyls","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011145","descriptor_name":"Polyvinyls","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020342","descriptor_name":"Finite Element Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020342","descriptor_name":"Finite Element Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020342","descriptor_name":"Finite Element Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057927","descriptor_name":"Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057927","descriptor_name":"Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057927","descriptor_name":"Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058874","descriptor_name":"Electrowetting","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058874","descriptor_name":"Electrowetting","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058874","descriptor_name":"Electrowetting","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944605","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:25570973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25570973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30072761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402457","display_name":"Deakin Research Online (Deakin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20908513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Design_and_analysis_of_a_low_actuation_voltage_electrowetting-on-dielectric_microvalve_for_drug_delivery_applications/20908513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20908513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Design_and_analysis_of_a_low_actuation_voltage_electrowetting-on-dielectric_microvalve_for_drug_delivery_applications/20908513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21229412","https://openalex.org/W1489944169","https://openalex.org/W1974344004","https://openalex.org/W1992750055","https://openalex.org/W1998163850","https://openalex.org/W2035571826","https://openalex.org/W2038215871","https://openalex.org/W2113320479","https://openalex.org/W6600838205","https://openalex.org/W6659230291"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386095735","https://openalex.org/W1921356426","https://openalex.org/W2266841287","https://openalex.org/W2248590691","https://openalex.org/W2317636690","https://openalex.org/W2375906462","https://openalex.org/W2116079970","https://openalex.org/W2059569565","https://openalex.org/W2323532303","https://openalex.org/W2751627470"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,14,101,117],"low":[4,136],"actuation":[5,133],"voltage":[6,134],"microvalve":[7,27,99],"with":[8,105,121],"optimized":[9],"insulating":[10],"layers":[11,49],"that":[12,96],"manipulates":[13],"conducting":[15,128],"ferro-fluid":[16,129],"droplet":[17,130],"by":[18,41],"the":[19,36,71,90,97,127,132],"principle":[20],"of":[21,31,108,113,123],"electrowetting-on-dielectric":[22],"(EWOD).":[23],"The":[24,77],"proposed":[25],"EWOD":[26,72,98],"contains":[28],"an":[29],"array":[30],"chromium":[32],"(Cr)":[33],"electrodes":[34],"on":[35],"soda-lime":[37],"glass":[38],"substrate,":[39],"covered":[40],"both":[42],"dielectric":[43,48,103,106],"and":[44,55,59,65,111,116],"hydrophobic":[45,63,119],"layers.":[46],"Various":[47],"including":[50],"Su-8":[51],"2002,":[52],"Polyvinylidenefluoride":[53],"(PVDF)":[54],"Cyanoethyl":[56],"pullulan":[57],"(CEP),":[58],"thin":[60],"(50":[61],"nm)":[62],"Teflon":[64],"Cytonix":[66,118],"are":[67],"used":[68,86],"to":[69,87],"analyze":[70],"microvalves":[73],"at":[74,131],"different":[75],"voltages.":[76],"Finite":[78],"Element":[79],"Method":[80],"(FEM)":[81],"based":[82],"software,":[83],"Coventorware":[84],"is":[85,94],"carry":[88],"out":[89],"simulation":[91],"analysis.":[92],"It":[93],"observed":[95],"having":[100],"CEP":[102],"layer":[104,120],"constant":[107],"about":[109],"20":[110],"thickness":[112,122],"1":[114],"\u03bcm,":[115],"50":[124],"nm":[125],"operated":[126],"as":[135,137],"7.8":[138],"V.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}