{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2324868747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944340","title":"Physiological characterization of skin lesion using non-linear random forest regression model","display_name":"Physiological characterization of skin lesion using non-linear random forest regression model","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2324868747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944340","mag":"2324868747","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25570708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944340","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004999840","display_name":"Daniel S. Cho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel S. Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029252803","display_name":"Shahid A. Haider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0628-6375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Haider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024816593","display_name":"Robert Amelard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3191-3470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Amelard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034161060","display_name":"Alexander Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-2797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066149942","display_name":"David A. Clausi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6383-0875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Clausi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"97","issue":null,"first_page":"3349","last_page":"3352"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7982527017593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6518231630325317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6203195452690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6165521740913391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-phantom","display_name":"Imaging phantom","score":0.6092867255210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6001112461090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5710546970367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-regression","display_name":"Linear regression","score":0.5688874125480652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-model","display_name":"Linear model","score":0.5249041318893433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.46819600462913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.4173823297023773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2970716953277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2549775540828705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.22426506876945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1552332043647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.10198047757148743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7982527017593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6518231630325317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6203195452690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6165521740913391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.6092867255210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6001112461090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5710546970367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.5688874125480652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163175372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222","display_name":"Linear model","level":2,"score":0.5249041318893433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.46819600462913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.4173823297023773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2970716953277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2549775540828705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22426506876945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1552332043647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.10198047757148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008543","descriptor_name":"Melanins","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008543","descriptor_name":"Melanins","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008543","descriptor_name":"Melanins","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012878","descriptor_name":"Skin Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046169","descriptor_name":"Dermoscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046169","descriptor_name":"Dermoscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046169","descriptor_name":"Dermoscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944340","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:25570708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25570708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29660844","https://openalex.org/W86715028","https://openalex.org/W192454382","https://openalex.org/W1969222525","https://openalex.org/W1974097586","https://openalex.org/W1995981548","https://openalex.org/W2000352206","https://openalex.org/W2003696138","https://openalex.org/W2011834328","https://openalex.org/W2019228275","https://openalex.org/W2022354675","https://openalex.org/W2033020960","https://openalex.org/W2041258712","https://openalex.org/W2058191200","https://openalex.org/W2059041299","https://openalex.org/W2068720048","https://openalex.org/W2099478163","https://openalex.org/W2146175859","https://openalex.org/W2154262073","https://openalex.org/W2161588624","https://openalex.org/W2911964244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048488252","https://openalex.org/W4289884158","https://openalex.org/W2940614149","https://openalex.org/W4288365262","https://openalex.org/W2787485953","https://openalex.org/W3217432596","https://openalex.org/W31220157","https://openalex.org/W63065332","https://openalex.org/W1990738922","https://openalex.org/W3093365844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,47,99],"current":[1],"diagnostic":[2],"technique":[3],"for":[4,68],"melanoma":[5],"solely":[6],"relies":[7],"on":[8,41],"the":[9,34,51,73,75,79,90,103,119,129],"surface":[10],"level":[11],"of":[12,22,32,53,70,122,145],"skin":[13,23,123],"and":[14,55,78,87,94,112,135,142],"under-skin":[15],"information":[16],"is":[17,45,126],"neglected.":[18],"Since":[19],"physiological":[20,36],"features":[21],"such":[24],"as":[25],"melanin":[26],"are":[27,65],"closely":[28],"related":[29],"to":[30,137],"development":[31],"melanoma,":[33],"non-linear":[35,93],"feature":[37,96],"extraction":[38,97],"model":[39,49,105],"based":[40],"random":[42],"forest":[43],"regression":[44],"proposed.":[46],"proposed":[48,104,130],"characterizes":[50],"concentration":[52],"eumelanin":[54],"pheomelanin":[56],"from":[57],"standard":[58],"camera":[59],"images":[60,84],"or":[61],"dermoscopic":[62],"images,":[63],"which":[64,125],"conventionally":[66],"used":[67],"diagnosis":[69,144],"melanoma.":[71,146],"For":[72],"validation,":[74],"phantom":[76,111],"study":[77],"separability":[80],"test":[81],"using":[82],"clinical":[83,113],"were":[85],"conducted":[86],"compared":[88],"against":[89],"state-of-the":[91],"art":[92],"linear":[95],"models.":[98],"results":[100,116],"showed":[101],"that":[102,118],"outperformed":[106],"other":[107],"comparing":[108],"models":[109],"in":[110],"experiments.":[114],"Promising":[115],"show":[117],"quantitative":[120],"characterization":[121],"features,":[124],"provided":[127],"by":[128],"method,":[131],"can":[132],"allow":[133],"dermatologists":[134],"clinicians":[136],"make":[138],"a":[139],"more":[140],"accurate":[141],"improved":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}