{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2332263677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944145","title":"Intelligent algorithm tuning PID method of function electrical stimulation using knee joint angle","display_name":"Intelligent algorithm tuning PID method of function electrical stimulation using knee joint angle","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2332263677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944145","mag":"2332263677","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25570513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944145","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100772459","display_name":"Shuang Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0785-5688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023574333","display_name":"Feng He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8359-2635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102346993","display_name":"Jiabei Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiabei Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055304252","display_name":"Jiapeng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5792-7195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiapeng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427808","display_name":"Lixin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8367-6935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108426939","display_name":"Xin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8880-8093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075269283","display_name":"Hongzhi Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5719-2718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongzhi Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101967832","display_name":"Peng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-1836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043024778","display_name":"Xiaoman Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoman Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102215641","display_name":"Baikun Wan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baikun Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100650847","display_name":"Ming Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3408-8613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Ming","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100772459"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9619,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76889432,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"2561","last_page":"2564"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.916083574295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.8384824991226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.536510705947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5089530944824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","score":0.49242720007896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.4881797432899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.46972787380218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.461009681224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.45382651686668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4485088288784027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.41177529096603394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3556247651576996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3313043713569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3007243275642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.19578364491462708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14124184846878052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.11725953221321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.09992644190788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09655484557151794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.916083574295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8384824991226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.536510705947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5089530944824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.49242720007896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.4881797432899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.46972787380218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.461009681224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.45382651686668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4485088288784027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.41177529096603394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3556247651576996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3313043713569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3007243275642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.19578364491462708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14124184846878052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.11725953221321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.09992644190788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09655484557151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944145","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:25570513","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25570513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004626435","https://openalex.org/W2019712118","https://openalex.org/W2083713781","https://openalex.org/W2096915914","https://openalex.org/W2113397321","https://openalex.org/W2116869622","https://openalex.org/W2129885237","https://openalex.org/W2132574098","https://openalex.org/W2137442635","https://openalex.org/W2139162305","https://openalex.org/W2147256884","https://openalex.org/W2157749775","https://openalex.org/W2538380808","https://openalex.org/W2547367686","https://openalex.org/W4205987306","https://openalex.org/W4297979420","https://openalex.org/W6728480315"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002388147","https://openalex.org/W2098278563","https://openalex.org/W3097292012","https://openalex.org/W3098928304","https://openalex.org/W2088845016","https://openalex.org/W589102260","https://openalex.org/W2394883510","https://openalex.org/W1966421350","https://openalex.org/W2970187567","https://openalex.org/W2150958483"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Functional":[0],"electrical":[1],"stimulation":[2],"(FES)":[3],"could":[4,22],"restore":[5],"motor":[6],"functions":[7],"for":[8,49,89,104],"individuals":[9],"with":[10,132],"spinal":[11],"cord":[12],"injury":[13],"(SCI).":[14],"By":[15],"applying":[16],"electric":[17],"current":[18],"pulses,":[19],"FES":[20,91,194],"system":[21,38],"produce":[23],"muscle":[24,37,111],"contractions,":[25],"generate":[26],"joint":[27,32,87],"torques,":[28],"and":[29,42,76],"thus,":[30],"achieve":[31],"movements":[33],"automatically.":[34],"Since":[35],"the":[36,53,57,85,90,94,101,114,151,155,168,179],"is":[39,46],"highly":[40],"nonlinear":[41],"time-varying,":[43],"feedback":[44,152],"control":[45,51,84,102],"quite":[47],"necessary":[48],"precision":[50,148],"of":[52,113,187],"preset":[54],"action.":[55],"In":[56],"present":[58],"study,":[59],"we":[60],"applied":[61],"two":[62],"methods":[63,192],"(Proportional":[64],"Integral":[65],"Derivative":[66],"(PID)":[67],"controller":[68,124,138],"based":[69,78],"on":[70,79,146],"Back":[71],"Propagation":[72],"(BP)":[73],"neural":[74,142],"network":[75,143],"that":[77,119],"Genetic":[80],"Algorithm":[81],"(GA)),":[82],"to":[83,149],"knee":[86],"angle":[88],"system,":[92],"while":[93,164],"traditional":[95],"Ziegler-Nichols":[96,130],"method":[97,131],"was":[98,144,160],"used":[99],"in":[100,175,178,185,193],"group":[103],"comparison.":[105],"They":[106],"were":[107],"tested":[108],"using":[109],"a":[110],"model":[112],"quadriceps.":[115],"The":[116],"results":[117],"showed":[118,183],"intelligent":[120,188],"algorithm":[121,189],"tuning":[122,190],"PID":[123,137,191],"displayed":[125],"superior":[126,145],"performance":[127],"than":[128,162],"classic":[129],"constant":[133],"parameters.":[134],"More":[135],"particularly,":[136],"tuned":[139],"by":[140],"BP":[141],"controlling":[147],"make":[150],"signal":[153],"track":[154],"desired":[156],"trajectory":[157],"whose":[158],"error":[159],"less":[161],"1.2\u00b0\u00b10.16\u00b0,":[163],"GA-PID":[165],"controller,":[166],"seeking":[167],"optimal":[169],"parameters":[170],"from":[171],"multipoint":[172],"simultaneity,":[173],"resulted":[174],"shortened":[176],"delay":[177],"response.":[180],"Both":[181],"strategies":[182],"promise":[184],"application":[186],"system.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
