{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2335718403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944133","title":"Motion based markerless gait analysis using standard events of gait and ensemble Kalman filtering","display_name":"Motion based markerless gait analysis using standard events of gait and ensemble Kalman filtering","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2335718403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944133","mag":"2335718403","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25570501"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944133","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050310666","display_name":"Nalini Vishnoi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nalini Vishnoi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060475281","display_name":"Anish Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3362-2274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anish Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014743851","display_name":"Zoran \u0110uri\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-2627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zoran Duric","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Naomi Lynn Gerber","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naomi Lynn Gerber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050310666"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7696,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74240233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"2512","last_page":"2516"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.7473637461662292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6931045055389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-analysis","display_name":"Gait analysis","score":0.692621648311615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6714301705360413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effect-of-gait-parameters-on-energetic-cost","display_name":"Effect of gait parameters on energetic cost","score":0.6346381902694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.5219371318817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5061571002006531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.46299538016319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-capture","display_name":"Motion capture","score":0.4459995925426483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-analysis","display_name":"Motion analysis","score":0.43606826663017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.38266557455062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.10979786515235901}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.7473637461662292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6931045055389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173906292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493441","display_name":"Gait analysis","level":3,"score":0.692621648311615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6714301705360413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20220851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18206750","display_name":"Effect of gait parameters on energetic cost","level":4,"score":0.6346381902694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5219371318817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5061571002006531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46299538016319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48007421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676252","display_name":"Motion capture","level":3,"score":0.4459995925426483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777036941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6917771","display_name":"Motion analysis","level":2,"score":0.43606826663017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.38266557455062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10979786515235901}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007866","descriptor_name":"Leg","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007866","descriptor_name":"Leg","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007866","descriptor_name":"Leg","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944133","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:25570501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25570501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W247104752","https://openalex.org/W1559393815","https://openalex.org/W1600404837","https://openalex.org/W1749494163","https://openalex.org/W1978218230","https://openalex.org/W1991406901","https://openalex.org/W2020934227","https://openalex.org/W2056463249","https://openalex.org/W2069356045","https://openalex.org/W2116044718","https://openalex.org/W2127786262","https://openalex.org/W2338502040","https://openalex.org/W4211003818","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6703566725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4292072108","https://openalex.org/W2390631805","https://openalex.org/W4236844032","https://openalex.org/W2523829751","https://openalex.org/W1995781834","https://openalex.org/W3205608944","https://openalex.org/W2803913909","https://openalex.org/W2729676947","https://openalex.org/W4379933302","https://openalex.org/W2164165374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,19,139,164],"present":[1],"a":[2,59,89],"novel":[3],"approach":[4,127,169],"to":[5,24,69,109,136],"gait":[6,60,146],"analysis":[7,23],"using":[8,93],"ensemble":[9,105],"Kalman":[10,106],"filtering":[11],"which":[12],"permits":[13],"markerless":[14],"determination":[15],"of":[16,35,41,58,73],"segmental":[17],"movement.":[18,138],"use":[20],"image":[21,162],"flow":[22],"reliably":[25],"compute":[26],"temporal":[27],"and":[28,38,65,116,153,175],"kinematic":[29],"measures":[30],"including":[31],"the":[32,36,42,47,55,71,78,81,104,111,120,150,155,160,173],"translational":[33],"velocity":[34,50],"torso":[37],"rotational":[39,124],"velocities":[40],"lower":[43,74,82,122],"leg":[44,115,123],"segments.":[45],"Detecting":[46],"instances":[48],"where":[49],"changes":[51],"direction":[52],"also":[53,166],"determines":[54],"standard":[56],"events":[57],"cycle":[61],"(double-support,":[62],"toe-off,":[63],"mid-swing":[64],"heel-strike).":[66],"In":[67],"order":[68],"determine":[70],"kinematics":[72,157],"limbs,":[75],"we":[76],"model":[77],"synergies":[79],"between":[80],"limb":[83,113],"motions":[84],"(thigh-shank,":[85],"shank-foot)":[86],"by":[87,170],"building":[88],"nonlinear":[90],"dynamical":[91],"system":[92],"CMUs":[94],"3D":[95],"motion":[96,118],"capture":[97,137],"database.":[98],"This":[99],"information":[100],"is":[101],"fed":[102],"into":[103],"Filter":[107],"framework":[108],"estimate":[110],"unobserved":[112],"(upper":[114],"foot)":[117],"from":[119,149],"measured":[121],"velocity.":[125],"Our":[126],"does":[128],"not":[129],"require":[130],"calibrated":[131],"cameras":[132],"or":[133],"special":[134],"markers":[135],"have":[140,165],"tested":[141],"our":[142,168,177],"method":[143],"on":[144,159],"different":[145],"sequences":[147],"collected":[148],"sagttal":[151],"plane":[152],"presented":[154],"estimated":[156],"overlaid":[158],"original":[161],"frames.":[163],"validated":[167],"manually":[171],"labeling":[172],"videos":[174],"comparing":[176],"results":[178],"against":[179],"them.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}