{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2332601697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944009","title":"Single-trial classification of NIRS data from prefrontal cortex during working memory tasks","display_name":"Single-trial classification of NIRS data from prefrontal cortex during working memory tasks","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2332601697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944009","mag":"2332601697","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25570377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944009","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320376","display_name":"Kai Keng Ang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3053-6311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai Keng Ang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Technology and Research (A * STAR), Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Technology and Research (A * STAR), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112054338","display_name":"Juanhong Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juanhong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Technology and Research (A * STAR), Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Technology and Research (A * STAR), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031778999","display_name":"Cuntai Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0872-3276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuntai Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Technology and Research (A * STAR), Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Technology and Research (A * STAR), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100320376"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0448,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78632626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2014","issue":null,"first_page":"2008","last_page":"2011"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6653566360473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idle","display_name":"Idle","score":0.6179869174957275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prefrontal-cortex","display_name":"Prefrontal cortex","score":0.567376971244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory","display_name":"Working memory","score":0.5473785400390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5038370490074158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48294681310653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4793299436569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4735129177570343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.47050994634628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.45400145649909973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.19333380460739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1577134132385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.13813352584838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.10337498784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6653566360473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.6179869174957275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18680","display_name":"Prefrontal cortex","level":3,"score":0.567376971244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.5473785400390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5038370490074158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48294681310653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4793299436569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4735129177570343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.47050994634628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.45400145649909973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.19333380460739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1577134132385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.13813352584838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.10337498784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008570","descriptor_name":"Memory, Short-Term","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008570","descriptor_name":"Memory, Short-Term","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008570","descriptor_name":"Memory, Short-Term","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017397","descriptor_name":"Prefrontal Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017397","descriptor_name":"Prefrontal Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017397","descriptor_name":"Prefrontal Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944009","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:25570377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25570377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975569588","https://openalex.org/W2000697043","https://openalex.org/W2005131231","https://openalex.org/W2007333865","https://openalex.org/W2012003052","https://openalex.org/W2022021629","https://openalex.org/W2025099328","https://openalex.org/W2046254753","https://openalex.org/W2052758289","https://openalex.org/W2057311210","https://openalex.org/W2060443602","https://openalex.org/W2066785847","https://openalex.org/W2082645024","https://openalex.org/W2104946207","https://openalex.org/W2122893460","https://openalex.org/W2139649098","https://openalex.org/W2150469136","https://openalex.org/W2153566817","https://openalex.org/W2158339183"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W2044053727","https://openalex.org/W1994410349","https://openalex.org/W3177028067","https://openalex.org/W1913385466","https://openalex.org/W2914170859","https://openalex.org/W2514944117","https://openalex.org/W1995248718","https://openalex.org/W2762558726"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"single-trial":[3,56,70,74],"classification":[4,57,75],"performance":[5],"on":[6,60,81],"high":[7,133],"density":[8,134],"Near":[9],"Infrared":[10],"Spectroscopy":[11],"(NIRS)":[12],"data":[13,33,84],"collected":[14,34,85],"from":[15],"the":[16,82,93,125],"prefrontal":[17],"cortex":[18],"of":[19,38,41,103,131],"11":[20],"healthy":[21],"subjects":[22],"while":[23],"performing":[24],"working":[25,139],"memory":[26,140],"tasks":[27,43,117,122],"and":[28,51,69,92,106,118],"idle":[29,116,121],"condition.":[30],"The":[31,55,73,98],"NIRS":[32,83],"comprised":[35],"a":[36,128],"total":[37],"40":[39],"trials":[40],"n-back":[42],"for":[44,49,53,137],"2":[45],"difficulty":[46],"levels:":[47],"n=1":[48],"easy":[50,112,114],"n=3":[52],"hard.":[54],"was":[58,76],"performed":[59,77],"features":[61],"extracted":[62],"using":[63,78,87,132],"common":[64],"average":[65,101],"reference":[66],"spatial":[67],"filtering":[68],"baseline":[71],"reference.":[72],"5\u00d75-fold":[79],"cross-validations":[80],"by":[86],"mutual":[88],"information-based":[89],"feature":[90],"selection":[91],"support":[94],"vector":[95],"machine":[96],"classifier.":[97],"results":[99,126],"yielded":[100],"accuracies":[102],"72.7%,":[104],"68.0%":[105],"84.0%":[107],"in":[108],"classifying":[109],"hard":[110,119],"versus":[111,115,120],"tasks,":[113],"respectively.":[123],"Hence":[124],"demonstrated":[127],"potential":[129],"feasibility":[130],"NIRS-based":[135],"BCI":[136],"assessing":[138],"load.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
