{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2330237340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6943548","title":"Weighted ensemble based automatic detection of exudates in fundus photographs","display_name":"Weighted ensemble based automatic detection of exudates in fundus photographs","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2330237340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6943548","mag":"2330237340","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25569916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6943548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6943548","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017555925","display_name":"Pavle Prenta\u0161i\u0107","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavle Prentasic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047540566","display_name":"Sven Lon\u010dari\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4857-5351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Loncaric","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7499,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72370766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2014","issue":null,"first_page":"138","last_page":"141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7376970052719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7362055778503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6517159938812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.6477248668670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.5736067891120911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48970773816108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.485739529132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.47123417258262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exudate","display_name":"Exudate","score":0.41220247745513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.11078324913978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.10228785872459412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.07944867014884949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.057766735553741455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7376970052719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7362055778503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6517159938812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.6477248668670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.5736067891120911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48970773816108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.485739529132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.47123417258262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778573061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139400","display_name":"Exudate","level":2,"score":0.41220247745513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.11078324913978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.10228785872459412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07944867014884949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.057766735553741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005122","descriptor_name":"Exudates and Transudates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005122","descriptor_name":"Exudates and Transudates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005122","descriptor_name":"Exudates and Transudates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009887","descriptor_name":"Ophthalmoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009887","descriptor_name":"Ophthalmoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009887","descriptor_name":"Ophthalmoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6943548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6943548","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:25569916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25569916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981692866","https://openalex.org/W1983155562","https://openalex.org/W1983610674","https://openalex.org/W1993138166","https://openalex.org/W2020267609","https://openalex.org/W2053392410","https://openalex.org/W2053782453","https://openalex.org/W2059036143","https://openalex.org/W2105924627","https://openalex.org/W2115278098","https://openalex.org/W2158518042","https://openalex.org/W2162698990"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980571360","https://openalex.org/W3176448898","https://openalex.org/W4379115808","https://openalex.org/W3207986206","https://openalex.org/W2429379476","https://openalex.org/W1979866946","https://openalex.org/W4226141369","https://openalex.org/W2413307231","https://openalex.org/W4361800274","https://openalex.org/W4296525407"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"retinopathy":[1,37],"(DR)":[2],"is":[3,25,93],"a":[4,47,115],"visual":[5],"complication":[6],"of":[7,13,17,35,51,74,78,81,102,111,121],"diabetes,":[8],"which":[9,57],"has":[10,138],"become":[11],"one":[12],"the":[14,21,67,75,88,100,103,112,130,141],"leading":[15],"causes":[16],"preventable":[18],"blindness":[19],"in":[20,29,53,147],"world.":[22],"Exudate":[23],"detection":[24,34,50,69,120],"an":[26,79],"important":[27],"problem":[28],"automatic":[30],"screening":[31],"systems":[32],"for":[33,49,98,119],"diabetic":[36],"using":[38,129],"color":[39,54,132],"fundus":[40,55,133],"photographs.":[41],"In":[42,87],"this":[43],"paper,":[44],"we":[45],"present":[46],"method":[48,76,113,143],"exudates":[52],"photographs,":[56],"combines":[58],"several":[59,82],"preprocessing":[60],"and":[61],"candidate":[62,84,105],"extraction":[63,85,106],"algorithms":[64],"to":[65,95,149],"increase":[66],"exudate":[68,83,122],"accuracy.":[70],"The":[71,108,124,136],"first":[72],"stage":[73,110],"consists":[77],"ensemble":[80,104],"algorithms.":[86,107],"learning":[89],"phase,":[90],"simulated":[91],"annealing":[92],"used":[94],"determine":[96],"weights":[97],"combining":[99],"results":[101],"second":[109],"uses":[114],"machine":[116],"learning-based":[117],"classification":[118],"regions.":[123],"experimental":[125],"validation":[126,137],"was":[127],"performed":[128],"DRiDB":[131],"image":[134],"set.":[135],"demonstrated":[139],"that":[140],"proposed":[142],"achieved":[144],"higher":[145],"accuracy":[146],"comparison":[148],"state-of-the":[150],"art":[151],"methods.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
