{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2325395071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6943546","title":"Detection of exudates in fundus images using a Markovian segmentation model","display_name":"Detection of exudates in fundus images using a Markovian segmentation model","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2325395071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6943546","mag":"2325395071","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25569914"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6943546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6943546","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024867067","display_name":"Bal\u00e1zs Harangi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4405-2040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132735039","display_name":"University of Debrecen","ror":"https://ror.org/02xf66n48","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132735039"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Balazs Harangi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132735039"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061104387","display_name":"Andr\u00e1s Hajd\u00fa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1718-9770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132735039","display_name":"University of Debrecen","ror":"https://ror.org/02xf66n48","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132735039"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andras Hajdu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Debreceni Egyetem, Debrecen, Hajd\u00c3\u00ba-Bihar, HU","Debreceni Egyetem, Debrecen, Hajd\u00fa-Bihar, HU"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Debreceni Egyetem, Debrecen, Hajd\u00c3\u00ba-Bihar, HU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132735039"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Debreceni Egyetem, Debrecen, Hajd\u00fa-Bihar, HU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132735039"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024867067"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132735039"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.306,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81147226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2014","issue":null,"first_page":"130","last_page":"133"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.760138750076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7479238510131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7344000935554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6268219947814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.572022020816803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.5121772289276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4891260266304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.48160621523857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4717363119125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2620631754398346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.20127025246620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1984138786792755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.760138750076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7479238510131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7344000935554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6268219947814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.572022020816803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.5121772289276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4891260266304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.48160621523857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4717363119125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2620631754398346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.20127025246620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1984138786792755}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005122","descriptor_name":"Exudates and Transudates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005122","descriptor_name":"Exudates and Transudates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005122","descriptor_name":"Exudates and Transudates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6943546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6943546","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:25569914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25569914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ganymedesd.lib.unideb.hu:2437/213783","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2437/213783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402089","display_name":"University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132735039","host_organization_name":"University of Debrecen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132735039"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"foly\u00f3iratcikk"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1091878006","https://openalex.org/W1992728454","https://openalex.org/W2011561403","https://openalex.org/W2020999234","https://openalex.org/W2030887730","https://openalex.org/W2058986037","https://openalex.org/W2059036143","https://openalex.org/W2080389430","https://openalex.org/W2097564701","https://openalex.org/W2101309634","https://openalex.org/W2101508556","https://openalex.org/W2121737033","https://openalex.org/W2162698990"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W115686965","https://openalex.org/W2768918307","https://openalex.org/W2110031805","https://openalex.org/W2040020606","https://openalex.org/W4362659915","https://openalex.org/W2113071088","https://openalex.org/W2116526828","https://openalex.org/W2321543601","https://openalex.org/W1522196789","https://openalex.org/W2116510815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"retinopathy":[1],"(DR)":[2],"is":[3,109],"one":[4],"of":[5,10,19,46,55,79,82],"the":[6,27,44,47,76,122,140,146],"most":[7],"common":[8],"causing":[9],"vision":[11],"loss":[12],"in":[13,26,51],"developed":[14],"countries.":[15],"In":[16],"early":[17],"stage":[18],"DR,":[20],"some":[21],"signs":[22,40],"like":[23],"exudates":[24,56,80],"appear":[25],"retinal":[28],"images.":[29],"An":[30],"automatic":[31,67,77],"screening":[32],"system":[33],"must":[34],"be":[35],"capable":[36],"to":[37],"detect":[38],"these":[39],"properly":[41],"so":[42],"that":[43],"treatment":[45],"patients":[48],"may":[49],"begin":[50],"time.":[52],"The":[53],"appearance":[54],"shows":[57],"a":[58,73,83,112],"rich":[59],"variety":[60],"regarding":[61],"their":[62,106],"shape":[63,108],"and":[64,92,105],"size":[65],"making":[66],"detection":[68,91],"more":[69],"challenging.":[70],"We":[71],"propose":[72],"way":[74],"for":[75],"segmentation":[78,114],"consisting":[81],"candidate":[84],"extraction":[85],"step":[86],"followed":[87],"by":[88,111,129],"exact":[89],"contour":[90],"region-wise":[93],"classification.":[94],"More":[95],"specifically,":[96],"we":[97,120,138],"extract":[98],"possible":[99],"exudate":[100,152],"candidates":[101,123],"using":[102],"grayscale":[103],"morphology":[104],"proper":[107],"determined":[110],"Markovian":[113],"model":[115],"considering":[116],"edge":[117],"information.":[118],"Finally,":[119],"label":[121],"as":[124],"true":[125],"or":[126],"false":[127],"ones":[128],"an":[130],"optimally":[131],"adjusted":[132],"SVM":[133],"classifier.":[134],"For":[135],"testing":[136],"purposes,":[137],"considered":[139],"publicly":[141],"available":[142],"database":[143],"DiaretDB1,":[144],"where":[145],"proposed":[147],"method":[148],"outperformed":[149],"several":[150],"state-of-the-art":[151],"detectors.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
