{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995646616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6611030","title":"Simulation of a current source with a cole-cole load for multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography","display_name":"Simulation of a current source with a cole-cole load for multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995646616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6611030","mag":"1995646616","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24111217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6611030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6611030","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058664693","display_name":"Susana Aguiar Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5812-4394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susana Aguiar Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","Med. Inf. Technol., RWTH Aachen Univ., Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Med. Inf. Technol., RWTH Aachen Univ., Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079240877","display_name":"Thomas Schlebusch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0440-5596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Schlebusch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","Med. Inf. Technol., RWTH Aachen Univ., Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Med. Inf. Technol., RWTH Aachen Univ., Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060021065","display_name":"Steffen Leonhardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6898-6887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Leonhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","Med. Inf. Technol., RWTH Aachen Univ., Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Med. Inf. Technol., RWTH Aachen Univ., Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4801,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6831381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2013","issue":null,"first_page":"6445","last_page":"6448"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11255","display_name":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance-tomography","display_name":"Electrical impedance tomography","score":0.7533092498779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.7388575077056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-touchscreen","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","score":0.7225428819656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-source","display_name":"Current source","score":0.6566044688224792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.6026657819747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-sensing","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","score":0.5857536196708679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/output-impedance","display_name":"Output impedance","score":0.5818333625793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistor","display_name":"Resistor","score":0.49012455344200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4826979637145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-current","display_name":"Constant current","score":0.4395798444747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3928492069244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3668442368507385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33006367087364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.32711368799209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.30728840827941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23424768447875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.21848273277282715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155175808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326472","display_name":"Electrical impedance tomography","level":3,"score":0.7533092498779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.7388575077056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.7225428819656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781331714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163768","display_name":"Current source","level":3,"score":0.6566044688224792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.6026657819747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206755178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131271","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","level":2,"score":0.5857536196708679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58112919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631203","display_name":"Output impedance","level":3,"score":0.5818333625793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.49012455344200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4826979637145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53392680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163647","display_name":"Constant current","level":3,"score":0.4395798444747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3928492069244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3668442368507385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33006367087364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.32711368799209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30728840827941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23424768447875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.21848273277282715}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000669","descriptor_name":"Amplifiers, Electronic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000669","descriptor_name":"Amplifiers, Electronic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000669","descriptor_name":"Amplifiers, Electronic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004560","descriptor_name":"Electricity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004560","descriptor_name":"Electricity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004560","descriptor_name":"Electricity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014054","descriptor_name":"Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014054","descriptor_name":"Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014054","descriptor_name":"Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017097","descriptor_name":"Electric Impedance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017097","descriptor_name":"Electric Impedance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017097","descriptor_name":"Electric Impedance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6611030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6611030","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:24111217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24111217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170581934","https://openalex.org/W1595966205","https://openalex.org/W1985007418","https://openalex.org/W2010720639","https://openalex.org/W2034948716","https://openalex.org/W2048564825","https://openalex.org/W2058355111","https://openalex.org/W2059847118","https://openalex.org/W2070314539","https://openalex.org/W2147782759","https://openalex.org/W2162461562","https://openalex.org/W2180594324","https://openalex.org/W2537138046","https://openalex.org/W4299389866","https://openalex.org/W6683860327"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3210784113","https://openalex.org/W2979500949","https://openalex.org/W2058355111","https://openalex.org/W2105964106","https://openalex.org/W2495256802","https://openalex.org/W2537138046","https://openalex.org/W2039822808","https://openalex.org/W1980337719","https://openalex.org/W2318544294","https://openalex.org/W2350532826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"accurate":[1],"current":[2,36,69,97],"source":[3,37,70],"is":[4],"one":[5],"of":[6,12,77,106],"the":[7,10,61,66,103],"keys":[8],"in":[9,102],"hardware":[11],"Electrical":[13],"impedance":[14,76],"Tomography":[15],"systems.":[16],"Limitations":[17],"appear":[18],"mainly":[19],"at":[20,52,80,87],"higher":[21],"frequencies":[22],"and":[23,48,83,94,108,112],"for":[24,109],"non-simple":[25],"resistive":[26],"loads.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"paper,":[30],"we":[31],"simulate":[32],"an":[33,74],"improved":[34],"Howland":[35],"with":[38,71],"a":[39,92],"Cole-Cole":[40,110],"load.":[41,114],"Simulations":[42],"comparing":[43],"two":[44],"different":[45],"op-amps":[46],"(THS4021":[47],"OPA843)":[49],"were":[50],"performed":[51,63],"1":[53,56,81,88],"kHz":[54,82],"to":[55,99],"MHz.":[57],"Results":[58],"show":[59],"that":[60],"THS4021":[62,72],"better":[64],"than":[65],"OPA843.":[67],"The":[68],"reaches":[73],"output":[75,96],"20":[78],"M\u03a9":[79],"above":[84],"320":[85],"k\u03a9":[86],"MHz,":[89],"it":[90],"provides":[91],"constant":[93],"stable":[95],"up":[98],"4":[100],"mA,":[101],"complete":[104],"range":[105],"frequencies,":[107],"(resistive":[111],"capacitive)":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
