{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036685156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610954","title":"Evaluating cardiovascular risk using the tone-entropy algorithm","display_name":"Evaluating cardiovascular risk using the tone-entropy algorithm","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036685156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610954","mag":"2036685156","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24111141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6610954","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610954","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053525471","display_name":"Ahsan H. Khandoker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0636-1646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahsan H. Khandoker","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AU","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Univ. of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Univ. of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011347476","display_name":"Herbert F. Jelinek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5457-6193"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herbert F. Jelinek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research Complex Systems, School of Community Health, Albury, NSW, Australia","Centre for Res. in Complex Syst., Albury, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research Complex Systems, School of Community Health, Albury, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Res. in Complex Syst., Albury, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053525471"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11380191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"110","issue":null,"first_page":"6139","last_page":"6141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/framingham-risk-score","display_name":"Framingham Risk Score","score":0.7100496292114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/framingham-heart-study","display_name":"Framingham Heart Study","score":0.5802856087684631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"Blood pressure","score":0.5722911953926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.5258665084838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5225305557250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5064674615859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.4766051173210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.4467426836490631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-health","display_name":"Cardiovascular health","score":0.44472867250442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.3909153640270233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3142685890197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrinology","display_name":"Endocrinology","score":0.11444666981697083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11783203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5478027","display_name":"Framingham Risk Score","level":3,"score":0.7100496292114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111815664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1440693","display_name":"Framingham Heart Study","level":4,"score":0.5802856087684631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.5722911953926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5258665084838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5225305557250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5064674615859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4766051173210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4467426836490631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018284874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389735","display_name":"Cardiovascular health","level":3,"score":0.44472867250442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.3909153640270233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3142685890197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.11444666981697083}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001145","descriptor_name":"Arrhythmias, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001145","descriptor_name":"Arrhythmias, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001145","descriptor_name":"Arrhythmias, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001341","descriptor_name":"Autonomic Nervous System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001341","descriptor_name":"Autonomic Nervous System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001341","descriptor_name":"Autonomic Nervous System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002319","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002319","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002319","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002784","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002784","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002784","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6610954","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610954","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:24111141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24111141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1174490145","https://openalex.org/W1974713020","https://openalex.org/W1986010116","https://openalex.org/W2000702318","https://openalex.org/W2006524496","https://openalex.org/W2012000722","https://openalex.org/W2036521161","https://openalex.org/W2040183537","https://openalex.org/W2050339470","https://openalex.org/W2106665921","https://openalex.org/W2107165713","https://openalex.org/W2133589238","https://openalex.org/W2142565089","https://openalex.org/W2156316155","https://openalex.org/W2163520956","https://openalex.org/W2285072859","https://openalex.org/W2344572247","https://openalex.org/W2787719905","https://openalex.org/W6748559117"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000066325","https://openalex.org/W1851016917","https://openalex.org/W4389376258","https://openalex.org/W2184315123","https://openalex.org/W2169497193","https://openalex.org/W2027170058","https://openalex.org/W2072823693","https://openalex.org/W2009076813","https://openalex.org/W2028768364","https://openalex.org/W4224236266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently":[0],"the":[1,5,34,53,62,79,82,93,97],"Framingham":[2,83,98],"equation":[3,16,100],"is":[4,42,117],"most":[6],"often":[7],"used":[8],"cardiovascular":[9,40,113],"risk":[10,84,99,114],"calculator":[11],"in":[12,124],"health":[13],"care.":[14],"The":[15],"requires":[17],"data":[18],"for":[19,65,109],"age,":[20],"gender,":[21],"cholesterol":[22],"status,":[23],"blood":[24],"pressure,":[25],"diabetes":[26],"status":[27],"and":[28,36,77,96,120],"smoking.":[29],"A":[30],"large":[31],"proportion":[32],"of":[33,67,107,112],"morbidity":[35],"mortality":[37],"associated":[38],"with":[39,81],"disease":[41],"due":[43],"to":[44,122],"arrhythmic":[45],"events":[46],"that":[47,102],"are":[48],"multifactorial":[49],"including":[50],"dysregulation":[51],"by":[52],"autonomic":[54],"nervous":[55],"system.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58,103],"study":[59],"we":[60],"applied":[61],"tone-entropy":[63],"algorithm":[64,95,104],"analysis":[66],"heart":[68],"rate":[69],"variability":[70],"obtained":[71],"from":[72],"20":[73],"minute":[74],"ECG":[75],"recordings":[76],"compared":[78],"outcome":[80],"stratification.":[85],"Our":[86],"results":[87],"indicate":[88],"a":[89],"good":[90],"agreement":[91],"between":[92],"T-E":[94],"suggesting":[101],"may":[105],"be":[106],"use":[108,123],"initial":[110],"screening":[111],"as":[115],"it":[116],"noninvasive,":[118],"economical":[119],"easy":[121],"clinical":[125],"practice.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
