{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040759028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610770","title":"A new method of concurrently visualizing states, values, and actions in reinforcement based brain machine interfaces","display_name":"A new method of concurrently visualizing states, values, and actions in reinforcement based brain machine interfaces","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040759028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610770","mag":"2040759028","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24110957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6610770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610770","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026396384","display_name":"Jihye Bae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6609-9782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jihye Bae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103272606","display_name":"Luis G. S\u00e1nchez Giraldo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8984-9841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis G. Sanchez Giraldo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001907974","display_name":"Eric A. Pohlmeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8753-3296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric A. Pohlmeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA","Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090559862","display_name":"Justin C. Sanchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2094-8400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin C. Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA","Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019504861","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 C. Pr\u0131\u0301ncipe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-3531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose C. Principe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026396384"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1555,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5258805,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2013","issue":null,"first_page":"5402","last_page":"5405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8273190855979919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7759402394294739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6084502339363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.572540283203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.5699239373207092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5454018115997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.46741676330566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decodes","display_name":"Decodes","score":0.45755115151405334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.44558608531951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43349334597587585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.42084968090057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.1400628387928009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8273190855979919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7759402394294739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6084502339363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.572540283203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5699239373207092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5454018115997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.46741676330566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778858076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249539","display_name":"Decodes","level":3,"score":0.45755115151405334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.44558608531951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43349334597587585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.42084968090057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.1400628387928009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001522","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001522","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001522","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002144","descriptor_name":"Callithrix","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002144","descriptor_name":"Callithrix","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002144","descriptor_name":"Callithrix","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6610770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610770","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:24110957","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24110957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.395.6293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.395.6293","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cnel.ufl.edu/files/1380591535.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014914755","https://openalex.org/W2071298926","https://openalex.org/W2116532829","https://openalex.org/W2145330250","https://openalex.org/W2298889576","https://openalex.org/W3011120880","https://openalex.org/W3099514962","https://openalex.org/W4250857377"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W2044053727","https://openalex.org/W1994410349","https://openalex.org/W3177028067","https://openalex.org/W1913385466","https://openalex.org/W2914170859","https://openalex.org/W2889342546","https://openalex.org/W2015048155","https://openalex.org/W2029841693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,8,12,16,33,37,67,89,112,119,134],"first":[4],"attempt":[5],"to":[6,126],"quantify":[7],"individual":[9],"performance":[10,91],"of":[11,15,32,39,70,79],"subject":[13],"and":[14,47,73,95,105,129],"computer":[17],"agent":[18,46,57],"on":[19],"a":[20,48,71,80,123],"closed":[21],"loop":[22],"Reinforcement":[23],"Learning":[24],"Brain":[25],"Machine":[26],"Interface":[27],"(RLBMI).":[28],"The":[29],"distinctive":[30],"feature":[31],"RLBMI":[34],"architecture":[35],"is":[36],"co-adaptation":[38],"two":[40],"systems":[41],"(a":[42],"BMI":[43,49],"decoder":[44,120],"in":[45,51,93,108],"user":[50],"environment).":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"work,":[55],"an":[56],"implemented":[58],"using":[59],"Q-learning":[60],"via":[61],"kernel":[62],"temporal":[63],"difference":[64],"(KTD)(\u03bb)":[65],"decodes":[66],"neural":[68,131],"states":[69,132],"monkey":[72],"transforms":[74],"them":[75],"into":[76],"action":[77,102,127],"directions":[78],"robotic":[81],"arm.":[82],"We":[83],"analyze":[84],"how":[85,118,130],"each":[86],"participant":[87],"influences":[88],"overall":[90],"both":[92],"successful":[94],"missed":[96],"trials":[97],"by":[98],"visualizing":[99],"states,":[100],"corresponding":[101],"value":[103],"Q,":[104],"resulting":[106],"actions":[107],"two-dimensional":[109],"space.":[110],"With":[111],"proposed":[113],"methodology,":[114],"we":[115],"can":[116],"observe":[117],"effectively":[121],"learns":[122],"good":[124],"state":[125],"mapping,":[128],"affect":[133],"prediction":[135],"performance.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}