{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025920497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610571","title":"Experimental study on a smart wheelchair system using a combination of stereoscopic and spherical vision","display_name":"Experimental study on a smart wheelchair system using a combination of stereoscopic and spherical vision","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025920497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610571","mag":"2025920497","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24110758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6610571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610571","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050744865","display_name":"Jordan S. Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordan S. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, Australia","[Fac. of Eng. & Inf. Technol., Univ. of Technol., Sydney, NSW, Australia]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Fac. of Eng. & Inf. Technol., Univ. of Technol., Sydney, NSW, Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055012056","display_name":"Steven W. Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5720-8852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven W. Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, Australia","[Fac. of Eng. & Inf. Technol., Univ. of Technol., Sydney, NSW, Australia]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Fac. of Eng. & Inf. Technol., Univ. of Technol., Sydney, NSW, Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716476","display_name":"Hung T. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3373-8178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hung T. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, Australia","[Fac. of Eng. & Inf. Technol., Univ. of Technol., Sydney, NSW, Australia]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Fac. of Eng. & Inf. Technol., Univ. of Technol., Sydney, NSW, Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2013","issue":null,"first_page":"4597","last_page":"4600"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.947700023651123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheelchair","display_name":"Wheelchair","score":0.9533634185791016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.6618691086769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.633571445941925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5342003703117371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocular","display_name":"Monocular","score":0.5246689319610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5125836730003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereoscopy","display_name":"Stereoscopy","score":0.5081367492675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-vision","display_name":"Machine vision","score":0.4774892032146454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.46590596437454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4641265869140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/navigation-system","display_name":"Navigation system","score":0.45006102323532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocular-vision","display_name":"Monocular vision","score":0.42963501811027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4274657964706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereopsis","display_name":"Stereopsis","score":0.41579994559288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle-avoidance","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","score":0.4106651246547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3368353247642517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.2012081742286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.17481449246406555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781042323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191931","display_name":"Wheelchair","level":2,"score":0.9533634185791016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.6618691086769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.633571445941925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5342003703117371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65909025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1945033","display_name":"Monocular","level":2,"score":0.5246689319610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5125836730003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126057942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35158","display_name":"Stereoscopy","level":2,"score":0.5081367492675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.4774892032146454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.46590596437454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4641265869140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777891301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3475123","display_name":"Navigation system","level":2,"score":0.45006102323532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158829959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640606","display_name":"Monocular vision","level":2,"score":0.42963501811027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4274657964706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68537008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247932","display_name":"Stereopsis","level":2,"score":0.41579994559288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6683253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075535","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","level":4,"score":0.4106651246547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3368353247642517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.2012081742286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.17481449246406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003867","descriptor_name":"Depth Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003867","descriptor_name":"Depth Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003867","descriptor_name":"Depth Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011782","descriptor_name":"Quadriplegia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011782","descriptor_name":"Quadriplegia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011782","descriptor_name":"Quadriplegia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014785","descriptor_name":"Vision, Ocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014785","descriptor_name":"Vision, Ocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014785","descriptor_name":"Vision, Ocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014910","descriptor_name":"Wheelchairs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014910","descriptor_name":"Wheelchairs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014910","descriptor_name":"Wheelchairs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6610571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610571","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:24110758","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24110758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/23992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/23992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchbank.swinburne.edu.au:4cbd1fc5-17c4-4e45-b1dd-c7819283e2a3/1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/441286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401157","display_name":"Swinburne Research Bank (Swinburne University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","host_organization_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS, Osaka, Japan, 3-7 July 2013, pp. 4597-4600","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988871754","https://openalex.org/W2044874163","https://openalex.org/W2056562757","https://openalex.org/W2075742830","https://openalex.org/W2146545231","https://openalex.org/W2146677937","https://openalex.org/W2167584018","https://openalex.org/W2169003662","https://openalex.org/W6661762839","https://openalex.org/W6669463999"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4378364071","https://openalex.org/W2399287283","https://openalex.org/W1998563140","https://openalex.org/W2029475369","https://openalex.org/W2015213339","https://openalex.org/W3002010059","https://openalex.org/W3144904799","https://openalex.org/W2398548367","https://openalex.org/W1993293697","https://openalex.org/W2033985376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"is":[2],"concerned":[3],"with":[4,87,99,112],"the":[5,43,71,74,91,97,151,168,172,177,183,188],"experimental":[6,105,178],"study":[7,106],"performance":[8],"of":[9,42,52,70,76,115,119,153,171,190],"a":[10,21,46,113,139,144,159],"smart":[11,92],"wheelchair":[12,78,93],"system":[13,49,94,109,157],"named":[14],"TIM":[15],"(Thought-controlled":[16],"Intelligent":[17],"Machine),":[18],"which":[19],"uses":[20],"unique":[22],"camera":[23,48,56],"configuration":[24,30],"for":[25,34,50,85,135],"vision.":[26,54],"Included":[27],"in":[28,63,176],"this":[29,108,136],"are":[31],"stereoscopic":[32],"cameras":[33],"3-Dimensional":[35],"(3D)":[36],"depth":[37],"perception":[38],"and":[39,45,61,123,143],"mapping":[40,62],"ahead":[41],"wheelchair,":[44],"spherical":[47],"360-degrees":[51],"monocular":[53],"The":[55,130,148],"combination":[57],"provides":[58],"obstacle":[59,173],"detection":[60],"unknown":[64],"environments":[65],"during":[66,102],"real-time":[67],"autonomous":[68],"navigation":[69],"wheelchair.":[72],"With":[73],"integration":[75],"hands-free":[77,131],"control":[79,83,132],"technology,":[80],"designed":[81],"as":[82,180],"methods":[84],"people":[86],"severe":[88],"physical":[89],"disability,":[90],"can":[95],"assist":[96],"user":[98],"automated":[100,155],"guidance":[101,156],"navigation.":[103],"An":[104],"on":[107,167],"was":[110],"conducted":[111,186],"total":[114],"10":[116],"participants,":[117],"consisting":[118],"8":[120],"able-bodied":[121],"subjects":[122],"2":[124],"tetraplegic":[125],"(C-6":[126],"to":[127,182],"C-7)":[128],"subjects.":[129],"technologies":[133],"utilized":[134],"testing":[137],"were":[138],"head-movement":[140],"controller":[141],"(HMC)":[142],"brain-computer":[145],"interface":[146],"(BCI).":[147],"results":[149],"showed":[150],"assistance":[152,189],"TIM's":[154],"had":[158],"statistically":[160],"significant":[161],"reduction":[162],"effect":[163],"(p-value":[164],"=":[165],"0.000533)":[166],"completion":[169],"times":[170],"course":[174],"presented":[175],"study,":[179],"compared":[181],"test":[184],"runs":[185],"without":[187],"TIM.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}