{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056191652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610139","title":"The effect of emotion on keystroke: An experimental study using facial feedback hypothesis","display_name":"The effect of emotion on keystroke: An experimental study using facial feedback hypothesis","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056191652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610139","mag":"2056191652","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24110326"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6610139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610139","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033258768","display_name":"Wei-Hsuan Tsui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Hsuan Tsui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan, R.O.C","Inst. of Biomed. Eng., Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Biomed. Eng., Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026641331","display_name":"Po-Ming Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Poming Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan, R.O.C","Inst. of Comput. Sci. & Eng., Nat. Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Comput. Sci. & Eng., Nat. Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, Taiwan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109883093","display_name":"Tzu\u2010Chien Hsiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Chien Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan, R.O.C","Department of Computer Science; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu; Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu; Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033258768"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7646,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84958492,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2013","issue":null,"first_page":"2870","last_page":"2873"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystroke-dynamics","display_name":"Keystroke dynamics","score":0.9540102481842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystroke-logging","display_name":"Keystroke logging","score":0.9389822483062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6508088707923889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.5679059624671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.55980384349823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typing","display_name":"Typing","score":0.5371675491333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5189461708068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4289156198501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.39076006412506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3534872531890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34611383080482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3362610340118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3266339898109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18664371967315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.1740032434463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.062362223863601685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79540074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269465","display_name":"Keystroke dynamics","level":4,"score":0.9540102481842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161615301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309396","display_name":"Keystroke logging","level":2,"score":0.9389822483062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6508088707923889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.5679059624671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.55980384349823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781209916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3215756","display_name":"Typing","level":2,"score":0.5371675491333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5189461708068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4289156198501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.39076006412506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3534872531890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34611383080482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3362610340118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3266339898109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18664371967315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.1740032434463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.062362223863601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4957475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242186","display_name":"S/KEY","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001698","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6610139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610139","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:24110326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24110326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W203054972","https://openalex.org/W1546080376","https://openalex.org/W1978986669","https://openalex.org/W2032254851","https://openalex.org/W2033688243","https://openalex.org/W2036424955","https://openalex.org/W2074716497","https://openalex.org/W2078671978","https://openalex.org/W2094919967","https://openalex.org/W2103593184","https://openalex.org/W2154716422","https://openalex.org/W2157245832","https://openalex.org/W2158775983","https://openalex.org/W2169284121","https://openalex.org/W2339343773","https://openalex.org/W3137861108","https://openalex.org/W4241512054","https://openalex.org/W6703294436"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052279280","https://openalex.org/W3094144434","https://openalex.org/W2159333170","https://openalex.org/W3169822312","https://openalex.org/W2155670618","https://openalex.org/W2031617473","https://openalex.org/W1573560902","https://openalex.org/W2288132303","https://openalex.org/W3207472710","https://openalex.org/W4244802227"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,91],"automatic":[1],"emotion":[2,124],"recognition":[3,125],"technology":[4],"is":[5],"an":[6,114],"important":[7],"part":[8],"of":[9,81,123],"building":[10],"intelligent":[11],"systems":[12],"to":[13,63],"prevent":[14],"the":[15,47,51,69,79,82,94,97,100,117,121],"computers":[16],"acting":[17],"inappropriately.":[18],"A":[19],"novel":[20],"approach":[21],"for":[22,108,116],"recognizing":[23],"emotional":[24,71,89],"state":[25],"by":[26,74,126],"their":[27],"keystroke":[28,66,83],"typing":[29,101],"patterns":[30,102],"on":[31],"a":[32,60],"standard":[33],"keyboard":[34],"was":[35,42],"developed":[36],"in":[37,50,55,68,96,99],"recent":[38],"years.":[39],"However,":[40],"there":[41],"very":[43],"limited":[44],"investigation":[45],"about":[46,119],"phenomenon":[48],"itself":[49],"previous":[52],"literatures.":[53],"Hence,":[54],"our":[56],"study,":[57],"we":[58],"conduct":[59],"controlled":[61],"experiment":[62],"collect":[64],"subjects'":[65],"data":[67,84],"different":[70],"states":[72],"induced":[73],"facial":[75],"feedback.":[76],"We":[77],"examine":[78],"difference":[80],"between":[85],"positive":[86,104],"and":[87,105],"negative":[88,106],"states.":[90],"results":[92],"prove":[93],"significance":[95],"differences":[98],"under":[103],"emotions":[107],"all":[109],"subjects.":[110],"Our":[111],"study":[112],"provides":[113],"evidence":[115],"reasonability":[118],"developing":[120],"technique":[122],"keystroke.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}