{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975817876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6609977","title":"Frequency recognition methods for dual-frequency SSVEP based brain-computer interface","display_name":"Frequency recognition methods for dual-frequency SSVEP based brain-computer interface","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975817876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6609977","mag":"1975817876","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24110164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6609977","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6609977","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110620050","display_name":"Min Hye Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Hye Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Interdiscipl. Program for Bioeng., Seoul Nat. Univ., Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdiscipl. Program for Bioeng., Seoul Nat. Univ., Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002794907","display_name":"Kwang Suk Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1892-6816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwang Suk Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Seoul Nat. Univ., Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Seoul Nat. Univ., Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110620050"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.30928714,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58111584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"117","issue":null,"first_page":"2220","last_page":"2223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.8635232448577881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canonical-correlation","display_name":"Canonical correlation","score":0.6667898893356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.635771632194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.6013816595077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5580372214317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5561109781265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flicker","display_name":"Flicker","score":0.5557523965835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5051959156990051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-analysis","display_name":"Frequency analysis","score":0.5019052028656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013frequency-analysis","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","score":0.4938979744911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.48009851574897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4702065587043762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic-analysis","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","score":0.4540969729423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-density","display_name":"Spectral density","score":0.4383784830570221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.43648669123649597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4122200310230255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.2605469226837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.24079778790473938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2069176733493805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15707117319107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14939972758293152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1107136607170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09509032964706421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.8635232448577881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153874254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115542","display_name":"Canonical correlation","level":2,"score":0.6667898893356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.635771632194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.6013816595077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5580372214317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5561109781265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19743564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25378119","display_name":"Flicker","level":2,"score":0.5557523965835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5051959156990051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97118885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q565636","display_name":"Frequency analysis","level":2,"score":0.5019052028656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.4938979744911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.48009851574897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4702065587043762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131770355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876215","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","level":2,"score":0.4540969729423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.4383784830570221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.43648669123649597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4122200310230255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2605469226837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.24079778790473938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2069176733493805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15707117319107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14939972758293152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1107136607170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09509032964706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6609977","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6609977","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:24110164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24110164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482432820","https://openalex.org/W1994855515","https://openalex.org/W2025082679","https://openalex.org/W2055264244","https://openalex.org/W2066527749","https://openalex.org/W2075647286","https://openalex.org/W2089598398","https://openalex.org/W2090545445","https://openalex.org/W2105478324","https://openalex.org/W2109008357","https://openalex.org/W2145149200","https://openalex.org/W2168572392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2321737855","https://openalex.org/W2293800410","https://openalex.org/W3183638985","https://openalex.org/W1991496323","https://openalex.org/W4320021951","https://openalex.org/W2216848651","https://openalex.org/W262431325","https://openalex.org/W2390651447","https://openalex.org/W2166368937","https://openalex.org/W2123575193"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dual-frequency":[0],"steady-state":[1],"visual":[2],"evoked":[3],"potential":[4],"(SSVEP)":[5],"was":[6],"suggested":[7],"to":[8],"generate":[9],"more":[10,24],"stimuli":[11],"using":[12],"a":[13,92],"few":[14],"flickering":[15],"frequencies":[16,108],"for":[17,40,64,88],"brain-computer":[18],"interface.":[19],"Dual--frequency":[20],"SSVEP":[21,66],"peaks":[22],"at":[23],"than":[25],"two":[26,55,83],"frequencies-both":[27],"main":[28],"and":[29,54,80],"harmonic":[30,89,107],"frequencies.":[31,90],"However":[32],"multi-frequency":[33],"recognition":[34],"strategy":[35],"has":[36],"not":[37],"been":[38],"investigated":[39],"dual-frequency":[41,65,113],"SSVEP.":[42,114],"In":[43],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"three":[46],"modified":[47,56,86],"power":[48],"spectral":[49],"density":[50],"analysis":[51,59],"(PSDA)":[52],"methods":[53,61,69,73,84],"canonical":[57],"correlation":[58],"(CCA)":[60],"were":[62],"tested":[63],"classification.":[67],"Three":[68],"among":[70],"the":[71,81,99,104],"five":[72],"used":[74,85],"conventional":[75],"features":[76,87,97],"or":[77],"classification":[78],"techniques,":[79],"other":[82],"As":[91],"result,":[93],"CCA":[94],"with":[95],"novel":[96],"showed":[98],"best":[100],"BCI":[101,110],"performance.":[102],"Also":[103],"use":[105],"of":[106,112],"improved":[109],"performance":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
