{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966651269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6347283","title":"Monolithic graphene transistor biointerface","display_name":"Monolithic graphene transistor biointerface","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966651269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6347283","mag":"1966651269","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23367218"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2012.6347283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6347283","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101901781","display_name":"SungWoo Nam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-7203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SungWoo Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. nam@berkeley.edu","University of California\u2010Berkeley USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. nam@berkeley.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California\u2010Berkeley USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103087348","display_name":"Mi\u2010Sun Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mi-Sun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea","Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), KOREA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), KOREA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009610739","display_name":"Jang\u2010Ung Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1522-4958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jang-Ung Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea","Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), KOREA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), KOREA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05947542,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2012","issue":null,"first_page":"5678","last_page":"5678"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12627","display_name":"Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12627","display_name":"Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene","display_name":"Graphene","score":0.9444812536239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioelectronics","display_name":"Bioelectronics","score":0.9299867749214172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biointerface","display_name":"Biointerface","score":0.8870192766189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7567729353904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.690780520439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexible-electronics","display_name":"Flexible electronics","score":0.6609179973602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphite","display_name":"Graphite","score":0.6265377402305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.5848554968833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.37597739696502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosensor","display_name":"Biosensor","score":0.24693089723587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1871812641620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.15241116285324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10016956925392151}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.9444812536239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60515610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174502","display_name":"Bioelectronics","level":3,"score":0.9299867749214172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781308654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4914920","display_name":"Biointerface","level":2,"score":0.8870192766189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7567729353904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.690780520439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84967400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066289","display_name":"Flexible electronics","level":2,"score":0.6609179973602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779698641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5309","display_name":"Graphite","level":2,"score":0.6265377402305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.5848554968833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.37597739696502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160756335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669391","display_name":"Biosensor","level":2,"score":0.24693089723587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1871812641620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.15241116285324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10016956925392151}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004581","descriptor_name":"Electronics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004581","descriptor_name":"Electronics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004581","descriptor_name":"Electronics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006108","descriptor_name":"Graphite","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006108","descriptor_name":"Graphite","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006108","descriptor_name":"Graphite","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2012.6347283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6347283","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:23367218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23367218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.unist.ac.kr:201301/46398","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/46398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401118","display_name":"Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","host_organization_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"CONFERENCE"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054635074","https://openalex.org/W2078792724","https://openalex.org/W2097699318","https://openalex.org/W2097773259","https://openalex.org/W2099779584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3010676249","https://openalex.org/W4390062874","https://openalex.org/W1966651269","https://openalex.org/W3182882010","https://openalex.org/W3193731111","https://openalex.org/W2883714160","https://openalex.org/W2769553728","https://openalex.org/W2803834117","https://openalex.org/W2338761981","https://openalex.org/W2343972419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Summary":[0],"form":[1],"only":[2],"given.":[3],"We":[4],"report":[5],"monolithic":[6,60,102],"integration":[7],"of":[8,23,34,86,100,134,143,175,181,188,242,259],"graphene":[9,24,35,41,243,265],"and":[10,25,37,48,66,110,113,137,235,240,266,280,297,300],"graphite":[11,26,49,267],"for":[12,53,214,255,268,303],"all-carbon":[13,54,87,269,273],"integrated":[14,88,286],"bioelectronics.":[15,55],"First,":[16],"we":[17,57,250],"demonstrate":[18,251,292],"that":[19,59,155],"the":[20,32,120,127,130,138,150,156,189,230,256],"electrical":[21,70,190,236],"properties":[22,174,191,221],"can":[27,222,245],"be":[28,43,106,223,246],"modulated":[29],"by":[30,75],"controlling":[31],"number":[33],"layers,":[36],"such":[38,203],"capabilities":[39,99],"allow":[40],"to":[42,225,291],"used":[44,290],"as":[45,50,197,204],"active":[46],"channels":[47],"metallic":[51],"interconnects":[52],"Furthermore,":[56],"show":[58],"graphene-graphite":[61,103],"devices":[62,262],"exhibit":[63],"mechanical":[64,76,233],"flexibility":[65,234],"robustness":[67],"while":[68],"their":[69,79],"responses":[71],"are":[72],"not":[73],"perturbed":[74],"deformation,":[77],"demonstrating":[78,212],"unique":[80,98,219],"electromechanical":[81,173,220],"properties.":[82],"Chemical":[83],"sensing":[84],"capability":[85],"bioelectronics":[89,104],"is":[90,158,184],"manifested":[91],"in":[92,108,119,154,228],"real-time,":[93],"complementary":[94],"pH":[95],"detection.":[96],"These":[97,271],"our":[101],"could":[105],"exploited":[107],"chemical":[109,295],"biological":[111,117,144,226],"detection":[112],"conformal":[114,301],"interface":[115,148,302],"with":[116,126],"systems":[118,145],"future.":[121],"Bio-electronics":[122],"faces":[123],"challenges":[124],"associated":[125],"mismatch":[128],"between":[129],"hard,":[131],"planar":[132],"surfaces":[133],"conventional":[135,167],"electronics":[136,168],"soft,":[139],"3-dimensional":[140],"(3D)":[141],"tissues":[142],"[1].":[146,171],"Brain-machine":[147],"presents":[149],"most":[151],"significant":[152],"challenges,":[153],"brain":[157],"very":[159],"soft":[160],"(elastic":[161],"modulus":[162],"<;500":[163],"Pa)":[164],"unlike":[165],"rigid":[166,279],"(>;100":[169],"GPa)":[170],"Superb":[172],"graphene,":[176],"where":[177,232],"more":[178],"than":[179],"20%":[180],"elastic":[182],"deformation":[183],"achievable":[185],"without":[186],"perturbation":[187],"[2-4],":[192],"have":[193,209],"been":[194,210],"recently":[195],"explored":[196],"flexible":[198,215,281,299],"electrode":[199],"materials.":[200],"Practical":[201],"applications,":[202],"graphene-based":[205],"transparent":[206],"electrodes":[207],"[5],":[208],"implemented,":[211],"potential":[213],"touch":[216],"screens.":[217],"Such":[218],"applied":[224],"systems,":[227],"particular":[229],"biointerface,":[231],"functions":[237],"(e.g.":[238],"stimulation":[239],"detection)":[241],"membrane":[244],"fully":[247],"utilized.":[248],"Here":[249],"an":[252],"unconventional":[253],"approach":[254],"single-step":[257],"synthesis":[258],"monolithically-integrated":[260],"electronic":[261],"based":[263],"on":[264],"bio-electronics.":[270,304],"fully-formed":[272],"structures":[274],"were":[275,289],"transferrable":[276],"onto":[277],"both":[278],"substrates":[282],"(Figure":[283],"1).":[284],"The":[285],"transistor":[287],"arrays":[288],"realtime,":[293],"multiplexed":[294],"sensing,":[296],"furthermore,":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}