{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138319756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346694","title":"Biometric sample extraction using Mahalanobis distance in Cardioid based graph using electrocardiogram signals","display_name":"Biometric sample extraction using Mahalanobis distance in Cardioid based graph using electrocardiogram signals","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138319756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346694","mag":"2138319756","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23366655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2012.6346694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346694","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Biometric_sample_extraction_using_Mahalanobis_distance_in_Cardioid_based_graph_using_electrocardiogram_signals/27382185","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061937886","display_name":"Khairul Azami Sidek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-3432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khairul Sidek","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Scienceand Information Technology, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia. khairul.sidek@student.rmit.edu.au","School of Computer Science and Information Technology, RMIT University, 3001, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Scienceand Information Technology, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia. khairul.sidek@student.rmit.edu.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Technology, RMIT University, 3001, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006078832","display_name":"Ibrahim Khali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095297","display_name":"MIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/00v140q16","country_code":"MK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095297"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU","MK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Khali","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, AU","School of Computer Science and Information Technology, RMIT University, 3001, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, AU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095297","https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Technology, RMIT University, 3001, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061937886"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3788,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68836991,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":null,"first_page":"3396","last_page":"3399"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.957099974155426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mahalanobis-distance","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","score":0.8809770941734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7019631266593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6597869396209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.6482930183410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5860826373100281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5845395922660828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.492844820022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3749547600746155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1921717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334846","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","level":2,"score":0.8809770941734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7019631266593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6597869396209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.6482930183410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5860826373100281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5845395922660828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.492844820022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3749547600746155}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001145","descriptor_name":"Arrhythmias, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001145","descriptor_name":"Arrhythmias, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001145","descriptor_name":"Arrhythmias, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003628","descriptor_name":"Database Management Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003628","descriptor_name":"Database Management Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003628","descriptor_name":"Database Management Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2012.6346694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346694","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:23366655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23366655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.61RMIT_INST:11246876080001341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2012.6346694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402074","display_name":"RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","host_organization_name":"RMIT University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27382185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Biometric_sample_extraction_using_Mahalanobis_distance_in_Cardioid_based_graph_using_electrocardiogram_signals/27382185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27382185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Biometric_sample_extraction_using_Mahalanobis_distance_in_Cardioid_based_graph_using_electrocardiogram_signals/27382185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56800564","https://openalex.org/W1535147726","https://openalex.org/W1999382010","https://openalex.org/W1999612129","https://openalex.org/W2016716607","https://openalex.org/W2067724614","https://openalex.org/W2071990626","https://openalex.org/W2133339863","https://openalex.org/W2159891289","https://openalex.org/W2160727014","https://openalex.org/W2163689109","https://openalex.org/W2168028135","https://openalex.org/W2170913656","https://openalex.org/W4240801305","https://openalex.org/W6632060580","https://openalex.org/W6680101205","https://openalex.org/W6683967008","https://openalex.org/W6684605865"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169159254","https://openalex.org/W3174657038","https://openalex.org/W1992732116","https://openalex.org/W2067578116","https://openalex.org/W2902494752","https://openalex.org/W2592471899","https://openalex.org/W2382061536","https://openalex.org/W4310043907","https://openalex.org/W4390673421","https://openalex.org/W149647761"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,22,175],"person":[4,189],"identification":[5,190],"mechanism":[6],"implemented":[7],"with":[8,124],"Cardioid":[9,17,187],"based":[10,18,188],"graph":[11,19],"using":[12,39,47],"electrocardiogram":[13],"(ECG)":[14],"is":[15,65],"presented.":[16],"has":[20,113],"given":[21],"reasonably":[23],"good":[24],"classification":[25,117,184],"accuracy":[26,125,185],"in":[27,121,130,136,178],"terms":[28],"of":[29,60,80,119,145,182],"differentiating":[30],"between":[31],"individuals.":[32],"However,":[33],"the":[34,58,61,108,116,161,169,180,183],"current":[35],"feature":[36,110,171],"extraction":[37,111,172],"method":[38,112],"Euclidean":[40],"distance":[41,49],"could":[42],"be":[43],"further":[44],"improved":[45],"by":[46,68],"Mahalanobis":[48],"measurement":[50],"producing":[51],"extracted":[52,71],"coefficients":[53],"which":[54],"takes":[55],"into":[56],"account":[57],"correlations":[59],"data":[62,83],"set.":[63],"Identification":[64],"then":[66],"done":[67],"applying":[69],"these":[70],"features":[72],"to":[73,128,134],"Radial":[74],"Basis":[75],"Function":[76],"Network.":[77],"A":[78],"total":[79],"30":[81],"ECG":[82],"from":[84,126],"MITBIH":[85,92],"Normal":[86],"Sinus":[87],"Rhythm":[88],"database":[89,94],"(NSRDB)":[90],"and":[91,100,132,141,148,152,155],"Arrhythmia":[93],"(MITDB)":[95],"were":[96],"used":[97],"for":[98,150,157,186],"development":[99],"evaluation":[101],"purposes.":[102],"Our":[103],"experimentation":[104],"results":[105],"suggest":[106],"that":[107,168],"proposed":[109,162],"significantly":[114],"increased":[115],"performance":[118],"subjects":[120],"both":[122],"databases":[123],"97.50%":[127],"99.80%":[129],"NSRDB":[131,151],"96.50%":[133],"99.40%":[135,156],"MITDB.":[137],"High":[138],"sensitivity,":[139],"specificity":[140],"positive":[142],"predictive":[143],"value":[144],"99.17%,":[146],"99.91%":[147],"99.23%":[149],"99.30%,":[153],"99.90%":[154],"MITDB":[158],"also":[159,166],"validates":[160],"method.":[163],"This":[164],"result":[165],"indicates":[167],"right":[170],"technique":[173],"plays":[174],"vital":[176],"role":[177],"determining":[179],"persistency":[181],"mechanism.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}