{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2088727658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346544","title":"Image segmentation for enhancing symbol recognition in prosthetic vision","display_name":"Image segmentation for enhancing symbol recognition in prosthetic vision","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2088727658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346544","mag":"2088727658","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23366505"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2012.6346544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346544","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109574547","display_name":"L. Horne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Horne","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, Tower A, 7 London Circuit, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia","NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, Tower A, 7 London Circuit, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072837153","display_name":"Nick Barnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9343-9535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Barnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, Canberra, ACT, Australia","NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065533993","display_name":"Chris McCarthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3848-1631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. McCarthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, Canberra, ACT, Australia","NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015970030","display_name":"Xuming He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-1237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuming He","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, Canberra, ACT, Australia","NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA Canberra Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"2792","last_page":"2795"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7515765428543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7259761691093445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7223502993583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6148534417152405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clarity","display_name":"CLARITY","score":0.5512107014656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5427321791648865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7515765428543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7259761691093445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7223502993583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6148534417152405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826","display_name":"CLARITY","level":2,"score":0.5512107014656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5427321791648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010719","descriptor_name":"Phosphenes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010719","descriptor_name":"Phosphenes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010719","descriptor_name":"Phosphenes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057488","descriptor_name":"Visual Prosthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057488","descriptor_name":"Visual Prosthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057488","descriptor_name":"Visual Prosthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2012.6346544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346544","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:23366505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23366505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/65538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1885/65538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402539","display_name":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","host_organization_name":"Australian National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS","raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchbank.swinburne.edu.au:babb155a-f368-451a-8203-afc5f53dba23/1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/410567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401157","display_name":"Swinburne Research Bank (Swinburne University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","host_organization_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC, Annual International Conference of the IEEE, San Diego, United States, 28 August 2012 - 1 September 2012, pp. 2792-2795","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62121024","https://openalex.org/W80868730","https://openalex.org/W1027587884","https://openalex.org/W1154449366","https://openalex.org/W1493639194","https://openalex.org/W1599703156","https://openalex.org/W1974255918","https://openalex.org/W1999478155","https://openalex.org/W2034121241","https://openalex.org/W2055701755","https://openalex.org/W2087327676","https://openalex.org/W2108986293","https://openalex.org/W2131773286","https://openalex.org/W2158326388","https://openalex.org/W6626860855","https://openalex.org/W6627599292","https://openalex.org/W6631839740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2775347418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"and":[1,20,89,109],"near-term":[2],"implantable":[3],"prosthetic":[4,34,71],"vision":[5,35,72],"systems":[6,36],"offer":[7],"the":[8,62,96,106],"potential":[9],"to":[10,37,60,81,101],"restore":[11],"some":[12],"visual":[13],"function,":[14],"but":[15],"suffer":[16],"from":[17,52],"poor":[18],"resolution":[19],"dynamic":[21],"range":[22],"of":[23,33,64,70,111],"induced":[24],"phosphenes.":[25],"This":[26,103],"can":[27],"make":[28],"it":[29,57],"difficult":[30],"for":[31,68],"users":[32,69],"identify":[38],"symbolic":[39,66,112],"information":[40,67,113],"(such":[41],"as":[42],"signs)":[43],"except":[44],"in":[45,74],"controlled":[46,94],"conditions.":[47,76],"Using":[48],"image":[49,79,86],"segmentation":[50,80],"techniques":[51],"computer":[53],"vision,":[54],"we":[55],"show":[56],"is":[58],"possible":[59],"improve":[61],"clarity":[63,110],"such":[65],"implants":[73],"uncontrolled":[75],"We":[77],"use":[78],"automatically":[82],"divide":[83],"a":[84,91,99],"natural":[85],"into":[87],"regions,":[88],"using":[90],"fixation":[92],"point":[93],"by":[95],"user,":[97],"select":[98],"region":[100],"phosphenize.":[102],"technique":[104],"improves":[105],"apparent":[107],"contrast":[108],"over":[114],"traditional":[115],"phosphenization":[116],"approaches.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}