{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998192103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346453","title":"A low-cost intracellular delivery system based on microbubble and high gravity field","display_name":"A low-cost intracellular delivery system based on microbubble and high gravity field","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998192103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346453","mag":"1998192103","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23366414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2012.6346453","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346453","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013609461","display_name":"Chuan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3329-2607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chuan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042722201","display_name":"Quanrong Gu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quanrong Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112250282","display_name":"Min Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101438669","display_name":"Xiaoyan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2493-7079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102051246","display_name":"James Z. Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor in the Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor in the Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332999","display_name":"Jie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2052-8155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40752897","display_name":"National Institute for Nanotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/05c0g2426","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40752897","https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta and also a research officer of Canadian National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta and also a research officer of Canadian National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40752897","https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013609461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07716395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"2424","last_page":"2427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11190","display_name":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11190","display_name":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11455","display_name":"Microbial Inactivation Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11255","display_name":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbubbles","display_name":"Microbubbles","score":0.7717082500457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-delivery","display_name":"Gene delivery","score":0.6354718804359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracellular","display_name":"Intracellular","score":0.6192657947540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vivo","display_name":"In vivo","score":0.5906424522399902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dextran","display_name":"Dextran","score":0.4900597333908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viability-assay","display_name":"Viability assay","score":0.48989933729171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centrifuge","display_name":"Centrifuge","score":0.4824598431587219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.4483180046081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vitro","display_name":"In vitro","score":0.41459307074546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biophysics","display_name":"Biophysics","score":0.412925660610199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.39234116673469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.38911348581314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3551434874534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-enhancement","display_name":"Genetic enhancement","score":0.2445576786994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.14946043491363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11811086535453796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.11660391092300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology","display_name":"Biotechnology","score":0.10384166240692139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry","display_name":"Biochemistry","score":0.09203779697418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.07105958461761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07056891918182373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64012434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839290","display_name":"Microbubbles","level":3,"score":0.7717082500457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135983454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2790163","display_name":"Gene delivery","level":4,"score":0.6354718804359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.6192657947540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.5906424522399902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777339698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423123","display_name":"Dextran","level":2,"score":0.4900597333908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53227056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189152","display_name":"Viability assay","level":3,"score":0.48989933729171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780657338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191134","display_name":"Centrifuge","level":2,"score":0.4824598431587219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4483180046081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.41459307074546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.412925660610199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.39234116673469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.38911348581314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3551434874534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111599444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213901","display_name":"Genetic enhancement","level":3,"score":0.2445576786994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14946043491363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11811086535453796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.11660391092300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.10384166240692139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.09203779697418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.07105958461761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07056891918182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003911","descriptor_name":"Dextrans","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003911","descriptor_name":"Dextrans","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003911","descriptor_name":"Dextrans","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016650","descriptor_name":"Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016650","descriptor_name":"Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016650","descriptor_name":"Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016650","descriptor_name":"Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016650","descriptor_name":"Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016650","descriptor_name":"Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018471","descriptor_name":"Hypergravity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018471","descriptor_name":"Hypergravity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018471","descriptor_name":"Hypergravity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D045423","descriptor_name":"Microbubbles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D045423","descriptor_name":"Microbubbles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D045423","descriptor_name":"Microbubbles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2012.6346453","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346453","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:23366414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23366414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121567899","https://openalex.org/W1490324405","https://openalex.org/W1971119618","https://openalex.org/W1971486720","https://openalex.org/W1979377589","https://openalex.org/W2031127500","https://openalex.org/W2037273488","https://openalex.org/W2044604704","https://openalex.org/W2045190338","https://openalex.org/W2046488524","https://openalex.org/W2092476454","https://openalex.org/W2099120348","https://openalex.org/W2119124470","https://openalex.org/W2138766402","https://openalex.org/W2152307544","https://openalex.org/W2166612314"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143941942","https://openalex.org/W1999683198","https://openalex.org/W2065565468","https://openalex.org/W2036898521","https://openalex.org/W2003289253","https://openalex.org/W2374265297","https://openalex.org/W2019790121","https://openalex.org/W4308683315","https://openalex.org/W2039535868","https://openalex.org/W2006153493"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"developed":[4],"a":[5],"low-cost":[6,77],"intracellular":[7],"delivery":[8,34,44],"system":[9],"based":[10],"on":[11],"microbubble":[12],"and":[13,46,78,88],"high":[14,33],"gravity":[15],"field.":[16],"We":[17,56],"successfully":[18],"delivered":[19],"FITC-Dextran":[20],"(40kD)":[21],"into":[22,90],"hard-to-deliver":[23],"THP-1":[24],"cells.":[25,74],"The":[26],"results":[27],"showed":[28],"that":[29,42,58],"our":[30],"method":[31,102],"achieved":[32],"efficiency":[35,45],"up":[36,98],"to":[37,52,118],"80%.":[38],"It":[39],"was":[40],"found":[41],"the":[43,53,59,69],"cell":[47],"viability":[48],"were":[49],"closely":[50],"related":[51],"centrifuge":[54],"speed.":[55],"speculated":[57],"burst":[60],"of":[61,71],"microbubbles":[62],"causes":[63],"transient":[64],"pore":[65],"opening":[66],"thus":[67],"increasing":[68],"chance":[70],"biomolecules":[72],"entering":[73],"This":[75,101],"fast,":[76],"easy-to-operate":[79],"protocol":[80],"is":[81,103],"very":[82],"promising":[83],"for":[84,106,120],"delivering":[85],"therapeutic":[86],"genes":[87],"drugs":[89],"any":[91],"cells":[92,113],"which":[93],"do":[94],"not":[95],"actively":[96],"take":[97],"extracellular":[99],"materials.":[100],"most":[104],"effective":[105],"in-vitro":[107],"delivery,":[108,111],"but":[109],"after":[110],"treated":[112],"might":[114],"be":[115],"injected":[116],"back":[117],"human":[119],"in-vivo":[121],"imaging.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}