{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002716441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6345912","title":"Perturbationless calibration of pulse transit time to blood pressure","display_name":"Perturbationless calibration of pulse transit time to blood pressure","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002716441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6345912","mag":"2002716441","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23365873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2012.6345912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6345912","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102393278","display_name":"Mingwu Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingwu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. gaomingw@msu.edu","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. gaomingw@msu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076698656","display_name":"Ramakrishna Mukkamala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-4050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Mukkamala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102393278"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76057453,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"301","issue":null,"first_page":"232","last_page":"235"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10144","display_name":"Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6406020522117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulsatile-flow","display_name":"Pulsatile flow","score":0.622564435005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6061549186706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"Blood pressure","score":0.49819350242614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.493929922580719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.315604567527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3154307007789612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.20074337720870972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.16250577569007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1538703441619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.14202165603637695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6406020522117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79191276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7259620","display_name":"Pulsatile flow","level":2,"score":0.622564435005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6061549186706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.49819350242614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.493929922580719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.315604567527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3154307007789612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20074337720870972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.16250577569007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1538703441619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.14202165603637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001795","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001795","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001795","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001795","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001795","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001795","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001795","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001795","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001795","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008955","descriptor_name":"Models, Cardiovascular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008955","descriptor_name":"Models, Cardiovascular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008955","descriptor_name":"Models, Cardiovascular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015924","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Monitors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015924","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Monitors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015924","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Monitors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2012.6345912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6345912","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:23365873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23365873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048499202","https://openalex.org/W2078768207","https://openalex.org/W2087077163","https://openalex.org/W2164799763","https://openalex.org/W2170304581","https://openalex.org/W2253649569","https://openalex.org/W4243554800","https://openalex.org/W6670370865"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2732360296","https://openalex.org/W1994871954","https://openalex.org/W4297152434","https://openalex.org/W2072858761","https://openalex.org/W1540261775","https://openalex.org/W4200107443","https://openalex.org/W4239033438","https://openalex.org/W1968279762","https://openalex.org/W4318970012","https://openalex.org/W2905091233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pulse":[0],"transit":[1],"time":[2],"(PTT)":[3],"often":[4],"shows":[5],"strong":[6],"correlation":[7],"with":[8,126],"blood":[9],"pressure":[10],"(BP)":[11],"and":[12,22,44,76,113],"may":[13],"therefore":[14],"represent":[15],"a":[16,54,59,90,110],"means":[17],"for":[18,61],"achieving":[19],"continuous,":[20],"non-invasive,":[21],"cuff-less":[23],"BP":[24,37,45,52,78,117,135],"monitoring.":[25],"However,":[26],"construction":[27],"of":[28,42,64,98],"the":[29,71,82,87,99,107,127,133,141],"subject-specific":[30],"curve":[31,73],"needed":[32],"to":[33,36,66,106],"calibrate":[34],"PTT":[35,43,65,124],"conventionally":[38],"requires":[39],"simultaneous":[40],"measurements":[41],"during":[46,109,118],"an":[47],"experimental":[48],"perturbation":[49],"that":[50],"varies":[51],"over":[53],"significant":[55],"range.":[56],"We":[57,94],"propose":[58],"technique":[60,69,100],"perturbationless":[62],"calibration":[63,72],"BP.":[67],"This":[68],"constructs":[70],"from":[74],"central":[75],"peripheral":[77],"waveforms":[79,88,108],"by":[80,103],"exploiting":[81],"natural":[83],"pulsatile":[84],"variation":[85],"in":[86,101,132,143],"via":[89,123],"nonlinear":[91],"tube-load":[92],"model.":[93],"conducted":[95],"initial":[96],"testing":[97],"animals":[102],"applying":[104],"it":[105],"baseline":[111],"period":[112],"then":[114],"predicting":[115],"mean":[116,134],"subsequent":[119],"major":[120],"hemodynamic":[121],"interventions":[122],"calibrated":[125],"resulting":[128],"curve.":[129],"The":[130],"bias":[131],"error":[136,145],"was":[137,146],"4.9":[138],"mmHg,":[139],"while":[140],"precision":[142],"this":[144],"7.6":[147],"mmHg.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T13:55:54.758798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}