{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006081903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6345865","title":"Bispectral analysis of tracheal breath sounds for Obstructive Sleep Apnea","display_name":"Bispectral analysis of tracheal breath sounds for Obstructive Sleep Apnea","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006081903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6345865","mag":"2006081903","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23365826"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2012.6345865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6345865","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023282245","display_name":"Ehsan Shams","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. Shams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. shamse@cc.umanitoba.ca","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. shamse@cc.umanitoba.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076562643","display_name":"Davood Karimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7277-9736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Karimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MAN, Canada","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MAN, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024571407","display_name":"Zahra Moussavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9202-949X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Moussavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MAN, Canada","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MAN, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023282245"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3295,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6102729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2012","issue":null,"first_page":"37","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstructive-sleep-apnea","display_name":"Obstructive sleep apnea","score":0.7417585849761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polysomnography","display_name":"Polysomnography","score":0.7106075286865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.6961201429367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-standard","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","score":0.574124276638031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supine-position","display_name":"Supine position","score":0.5317695736885071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apnea","display_name":"Apnea","score":0.5205889344215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breathing","display_name":"Breathing","score":0.5158557295799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bispectrum","display_name":"Bispectrum","score":0.5114744901657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia","display_name":"Anesthesia","score":0.4879400432109833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wakefulness","display_name":"Wakefulness","score":0.48763909935951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-apnea","display_name":"Sleep apnea","score":0.48405852913856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-system","display_name":"Respiratory system","score":0.4528031647205353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nose","display_name":"Nose","score":0.44947829842567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.42664840817451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.37149572372436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.2670503854751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.21450868248939514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.13305604457855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.12042281031608582}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776006263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16606552","display_name":"Obstructive sleep apnea","level":2,"score":0.7417585849761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778205975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874","display_name":"Polysomnography","level":3,"score":0.7106075286865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6961201429367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40993552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","level":2,"score":0.574124276638031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125567185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3267428","display_name":"Supine position","level":2,"score":0.5317695736885071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781326671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754424","display_name":"Apnea","level":2,"score":0.5205889344215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39300077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Breathing","level":2,"score":0.5158557295799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114148568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2410583","display_name":"Bispectrum","level":3,"score":0.5114744901657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.4879400432109833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779320081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246710","display_name":"Wakefulness","level":3,"score":0.48763909935951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777935920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213600","display_name":"Sleep apnea","level":2,"score":0.48405852913856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.4528031647205353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7363","display_name":"Nose","level":2,"score":0.44947829842567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.42664840817451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.37149572372436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2670503854751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.21450868248939514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13305604457855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.12042281031608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012135","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Sounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012135","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Sounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012135","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Sounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014132","descriptor_name":"Trachea","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014132","descriptor_name":"Trachea","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014132","descriptor_name":"Trachea","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc.2012.6345865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6345865","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:23365826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23365826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001487636","https://openalex.org/W2004067936","https://openalex.org/W2017647414","https://openalex.org/W2018388266","https://openalex.org/W2041611689","https://openalex.org/W2058615313","https://openalex.org/W2067833570","https://openalex.org/W2070646248","https://openalex.org/W2076327188","https://openalex.org/W2080802633","https://openalex.org/W2092809686","https://openalex.org/W2104764564","https://openalex.org/W2127659747","https://openalex.org/W2161549792","https://openalex.org/W2163506986","https://openalex.org/W2384198152","https://openalex.org/W4242905414","https://openalex.org/W4243006922"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2541615194","https://openalex.org/W2357592863","https://openalex.org/W2002943794","https://openalex.org/W2351984395","https://openalex.org/W2544518984","https://openalex.org/W2371303008","https://openalex.org/W4224318931","https://openalex.org/W2889928360","https://openalex.org/W2389143052","https://openalex.org/W2037309944"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Obstructive":[0],"Sleep":[1],"Apnea":[2],"(OSA)":[3],"is":[4,12,44,49],"a":[5,26,50,80],"respiratory":[6,69,149],"disorder":[7],"with":[8,25,208],"serious":[9],"consequences":[10],"that":[11,64],"characterized":[13],"by":[14],"repetitive":[15],"cessation":[16],"of":[17,28,67,99,144,158,174,216],"breathing":[18,190],"for":[19,41,85,114,222],"more":[20,29],"than":[21,30],"10s":[22],"often":[23],"associated":[24],"drop":[27],"4%":[31],"in":[32,120,127,147,171,182,200,219],"the":[33,57,65,96,104,142,145,152,156,159,168,183,201,214],"blood's":[34],"Oxygen":[35],"saturation":[36],"level.":[37],"The":[38,117,180,211],"gold":[39],"standard":[40],"OSA":[42,115,178,223],"diagnosis":[43],"full-night":[45],"Polysomnography":[46],"(PSG),":[47],"which":[48],"time-consuming,":[51],"inconvenient,":[52],"and":[53,82,88,103,132,134,137,155,161,176,188,206],"costly":[54],"assessment.":[55],"On":[56],"other":[58],"hand,":[59],"our":[60],"team":[61],"has":[62],"showed":[63],"analysis":[66],"tracheal":[68,100],"sounds":[70,102,146],"recorded":[71,124],"during":[72,125,135],"wakefulness":[73,126],"holds":[74],"promises":[75],"to":[76,106],"be":[77],"used":[78,119],"as":[79],"simple":[81],"effective":[83],"tool":[84],"screening":[86],"moderate":[87],"severe":[89,177,209],"OSA.":[90,210],"In":[91],"this":[92,121],"paper,":[93],"we":[94],"examine":[95],"nonlinear":[97],"characteristics":[98],"breath":[101],"possibility":[105],"extract":[107],"features":[108,170,184,202,218],"from":[109],"Higher":[110],"Order":[111],"Spectra":[112],"(HOS)":[113],"screening.":[116,224],"data":[118],"study":[122],"were":[123,191],"two":[128,172],"body":[129,186],"positions,":[130],"supine":[131],"upright,":[133],"mouth":[136],"nose":[138],"breathing.":[139],"We":[140],"estimated":[141],"bispectrum":[143],"each":[148],"cycle,":[150],"calculated":[151],"median":[153],"bifrequencies":[154],"energy":[157],"bispectrum,":[160],"investigated":[162],"any":[163],"statistically":[164],"significant":[165,198],"differences":[166,181,199],"between":[167,185,203],"extracted":[169],"groups":[173],"non-OSA":[175,204],"data.":[179],"positions":[187],"nose/mouth":[189],"also":[192],"looked":[193],"at.":[194],"One-way":[195],"ANOVA":[196],"revealed":[197],"individuals":[205],"those":[207],"results":[212],"encourage":[213],"use":[215],"these":[217],"future":[220],"studies":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
